Acute and delayed nausea and emesis control in pediatric oncology patients

Abstract

Here, we report on an isolated pliopithecid M3/ (IPS35028) from locality ACM/C3‐B2 (12.0 Ma, MN7) of the late Middle Miocene stratigraphic series of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM, Vallès‐Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula). This tooth is about 0.2 million years older than the remains of Pliopithecus canmatensis (11.8–11.7 ma), recorded from several localities from the ACM series. The unusual occlusal features of IPS35028, together with the lack of homologous material for several pliopithecid species, preclude a precise taxonomic attribution of the C3‐B2 specimen, which does not fit the morphology of any known pliopithecid M3/. In particular, although an attribution to P. canmatensis would seem reasonable on the basis of size, identical geographic provenance, and similar age, the morphology of IPS35028 appears too primitive compared to the M1/ and M2/ of the former taxon. Instead, the C3‐B2 pliopithecid displays several primitive features shared with the dionysopithecine Dionysopithecus and the pliopithecine Pliopithecus piveteaui. It therefore seems more likely that IPS35028 represents a previously unknown pliopithecid taxon, although a formal taxonomic recognition of its probable distinct status is not advisable, given the scarcity of the currently available material. Alternatively, this taxon might be more closely related to small‐bodied African catarrhines (such as dendropithecids). However, the morphology of the ACM specimen is not particularly similar to that of the M3/ of these African taxa. Hence, based on age and geographic provenance, an attribution of IPS35028 to the Pliopithecidae is favored here. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Guideline for the prevention of acute nausea and vomiting due to antineoplastic medication in pediatric cancer patients

“…Synthesis of these studies observed a complete AINV control rate of 50% (95% CI: 43%, 57%). Nausea assessment was included in the definition of complete control in two of these studies [15,16]. The observed complete AINV control rate in these studies was similar (48%; 95% CI: 41%, 56%).…”

“…Five studies were identified in which antineoplastic therapy was assessed as HEC using the POGO guideline or as stated by the investigators. Four of these were RCTs [14,17,26,38]; one was a prospective descriptive study [16]. Of the RCTs, three were conducted exclusively in children [14,26,38].…”

“…Two studies met inclusion criteria: one RCT [22] and another descriptive study [16]. Both describe outcomes in a very small number of patients.…”

Antiemetics in children receiving chemotherapy. MASCC/ESMO guideline update 2009

“…The optimal dose of steroids in children has to be determined. In clinical practice, a dexamethasone dose ranging from 10 to 14 mg/m 2 is usually used [2,15,28]. In regard to the safety of corticosteroids, it has to be considered that corticosteroid treatment, especially in children older than 10 years, increases the risk of aseptic osteonecrosis [6,20,28].…”

“…However, it has been estimated that these symptoms will occur in up to 70% of patients [15,17,24]. It is also well recognised that children (above the age of 5 years) are more prone to vomiting than adults [27,30].…”