Acute and long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity

García‐García, A.; Fortuny, Clàudia; Fumadó, Victòria; Jordán, Iolanda; Ruiz-López, Laura; González-Navarro, Europa Azucena; Egri, Natalia; Esteve‐Solé, Ana; Luo, Yiyi; Vlagea, Alexandru; Cabedo, Manel Monsonís; Launes, Cristian; Soler, A.; Codina, Anna; Juan, Manel; Pascal, Mariona; Deyà‐Martínez, Àngela; Alsina, Laia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084630

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…However, Cousins et al, also reported that the Mount Sinai cohort over time have been less ill and required less hospitalization, in accordance to general population. Another study in IEI pediatric to young adults, reported higher COVID-19 pneumonia rate that the general age-range population with lower humoral and cellular responses in the acute phase ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of specific RBD+ IgG+ memory B cells by flow cytometry in healthcare workers and patients with inborn errors of immunity after BNT162b2 m RNA COVID-19 vaccination

et al. 2023

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IntroductionInborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by intrinsic defects of the immune system. Estimating the immune competence of immunocompromised patients for an infection risk assessment or after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination constituted a challenge.MethodsThe aim of this study was to determine the humoral responses of patients with IEI through a comprehensive analysis of specific receptor-binding domain-positive (RBD+) IgG+ memory B cells (MBCs) by flow cytometry, together with routine S-specific IgG antibodies and QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 (T-cell response), before the vaccine and 3 weeks after a second dose.Results and discussionWe first analyzed the percentage of specific RBD+ IgG+ MBCs in healthy healthcare workers. Within the control group, there was an increase in the percentage of specific IgG+ RBD+ MBCs 21 days after the second dose, which was consistent with S-specific IgG antibodies.Thirty-one patients with IEI were included for the pre- and post-vaccination study; IgG+ RBD+ MBCs were not evaluated in 6 patients due to an absence of B cells in peripheral blood. We detected various patterns among the patients with IEI with circulating B cells (25, 81%): an adequate humoral response was observed in 12/25, consider by the detection of positive S-specific IgG antibodies and the presence of specific IgG+ RBD+ MBCs, presenting a positive T-cell response; in 4/25, very low S-specific IgG antibody counts correlated with undetectable events in the IgG+ RBD+ MBC compartment but with positive cellular response. Despite the presence of S-specific IgG antibodies, we were unable to detect a relevant percentage of IgG+ RBD+ MBCs in 5/25; however, all presented positive T-cell response. Lastly, we observed a profound failure of B and T-cell response in 3 (10%) patients with IEI, with no assessment of S-specific IgG antibodies, IgG+ RBD+ MBCs, and negative cellular response. The identification of specific IgG+ RBD+ MBCs by flow cytometry provides information on different humoral immune response outcomes in patients with IEI and aids the assessment of immune competence status after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), together with S-specific IgG antibodies and T-cell responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of specific RBD+ IgG+ memory B cells by flow cytometry in healthcare workers and patients with inborn errors of immunity after BNT162b2 m RNA COVID-19 vaccination

et al. 2023

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Deciphering the Longevity and Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children: A Year-Long Study Highlighting Clinical Phenotypes and Age-Related Variations

Pons-Tomàs,

Pino,

Soler-García

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Background: Identifying potential factors correlated with the sustained presence of antibodies in plasma may facilitate improved retrospective diagnoses and aid in the appraisal of pertinent vaccination strategies for various demographic groups. The main objective was to describe the persistence of anti-spike IgG one year after diagnosis in children and analyse its levels in relation to epidemiological and clinical variables. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted in a university reference hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (Spain) (March 2020–May 2021). This study included patients under 18 years of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive PCR or antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2). Clinical and serological follow-up one year after infection was performed. Results: We included 102 patients with a median age of 8.8 years. Anti-spike IgG was positive in 98/102 (96%) 12 months after the infection. There were higher anti-spike IgG levels were noted in patients younger than 2 years (p = 0.034) and those with pneumonia (p < 0.001). A positive and significant correlation was observed between C-reactive protein at diagnosis and anti-spike IgG titre one-year after diagnosis (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in almost all paediatric patients one year after infection. We also observed a positive correlation between virus-specific IgG antibody titres with SARS-CoV-2 clinical phenotype (pneumonia) and age (under 2 years old).

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The Prevalence of Anosmia and Dysgeusia in Relation to Sex, Age, and Smoking during COVID-19 Second Wave: A Retrospective Analysis of a Sample of Patients in Hilla City

Ali,

Al-Saadi

2024

Med J Babylon

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Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are among the significant symptoms of COVID-19 infection that show diversity in prevalence and recovery with a great impact on patients’ life. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age, sex, and smoking on the prevalence and recovery of dysgeusia (abnormal taste) and anosmia (loss of smell) in COVID-19-infected patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-institution study involved 194 records of COVID-19 patients of both genders evaluated according to study objectives, encompassing pertinent data such as age, gender, smoking habits, incidence of anosmia or hyposmia, changes in flavor, initiation and duration of the infection, and alterations in smell and taste. Medications utilized for treatment purposes were either acquired through direct telephone communication with patients or indirectly from patients’ records. Results: A total of 194 patients were included, and the majority of them were women. Patients age had significant differences, with a mean age of 28 years. Infection duration was about 1 week for majority of patients, and the degree of COVID-19 infection was mild. Patients were significantly P ≤ 0.05 had dysgeusia, anosmia, or both of them. Smoking was found to be significantly correlated with dysgeusia. Conclusion: Dysgeusia and anosmia are initial indications of mild COVID-19 infection that resolve on their own during the second phase of the virus’s spread. Young female patients were identified as having a higher propensity to develop dysgeusia, anosmia, or both. Smokers had lower incidence of dysgeusia.

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Acute and long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Detection of specific RBD+ IgG+ memory B cells by flow cytometry in healthcare workers and patients with inborn errors of immunity after BNT162b2 m RNA COVID-19 vaccination

Detection of specific RBD+ IgG+ memory B cells by flow cytometry in healthcare workers and patients with inborn errors of immunity after BNT162b2 m RNA COVID-19 vaccination

Deciphering the Longevity and Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children: A Year-Long Study Highlighting Clinical Phenotypes and Age-Related Variations

The Prevalence of Anosmia and Dysgeusia in Relation to Sex, Age, and Smoking during COVID-19 Second Wave: A Retrospective Analysis of a Sample of Patients in Hilla City

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