Acute and Sub-acute Toxic Effects of Algerian Peganum harmala L. Crud Extract

Rezzagui, Abir; Merghem, Mounira; Derafa, I.; Dahamna, Saliha

doi:10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3920

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Then, they were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): Control (C), diabetic (D), harmine (H), diabetic plus harmine (DH), seed extract (S), and diabetic plus seed extract (DS). A dose of 6.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Harmine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 150 mg/kg BW of seed extract was gavaged to the treatment rats for 28 days (24,25).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract

et al. 2023

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Background: Apoptosis is proposed as a possible mechanism for diabetes-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Numerous studies have suggested that the therapeutic properties of plants, such as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic, are effective in improving the complications of diabetes in the hippocampus. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) in the brain hippocampal cells of diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: Control (C), diabetic (D), harmine (H), diabetic plus harmine (DH), seed extract (S), and diabetic plus seed extract (DS). A single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) was enough to cause diabetes. Seed extract and harmine were given at 150 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg, respectively (daily by oral gavage for 28 days). The glucose levels in the blood were measured, and the histological staining of the hippocampus was examined. Percentages of apoptotic hippocampal cells were identified with flow cytometry. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was assayed via Real time- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Results: In DH (P = 0.001) and DS (P = 0.01) rats, the mean fasting blood glucose level significantly reduced compared with the D group. Bax and Bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels significantly differed between the D group and other groups (P = 0.01). Harmine and the seed extract considerably reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal cells compared to the D group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats was reduced by administering the seed extract of Peganum harmala. The P. harmala seed extract and its active ingredient, harmine, could be used as anti-apoptotic drugs.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, the results of this study are in accordance with previous research findings which revealed that alcoholic extract of harmala seeds at a dose of 3000 mg/kg for 2 weeks caused a significant reduction in body weight in mice (Al-Jborrey and Al-Shahwany, 2017). Rezzagui et al (2020) and Mollashahi and Kazerani (2020) reported that oral administration of methanolic extract of harmala seeds to mice did not cause any significant changes in the body weight. This weight loss might be caused by loss of appetite.…”

Section: Harmala Seeds Extract Exposure Reduced Body Weight But Not L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Peganum harmala seeds extract on the hepatic tissue structure and fetus of mice

Samira Musa Sasi,

Al ghoul,

Awayn

et al. 2023

Ovz

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Peganum harmala is one of the most used plants for the treatment of many diseases. Its effective compounds have pharmaceutical and medicinal properties. This study aims to determine the effect of aqueous extract of harmala plant seeds on body and liver weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and the histological structure of liver of mice, as well as the size of the fetuses sired by treated mice. Sixteen adult male mice were divided into two groups of eight. The first group (control) was given distilled water orally, while the second group received the aqueous extract of harmala seeds at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw for three weeks. three untreated females were housed with one treated male for mating. At the end of the treatment, six male mice of each group were weighed and killed. Liver was extracted, weighed and its enzymes were measured. Also, sections of the liver were prepared for histological examination. The results showed a decrease in the body weight of the treated mice and a significant increase in the average weight of the fetuses compared with the control group, as well as marked changes in the hepatic tissue structure. There was no impact of the extract on fetal body length, liver weight and hepatic enzymes (AST and ALT) of treated mice. Further studies should be conducted to determine a safe dose that does not affect any organ in the body, so that it can be used for the treatment of many diseases.

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“…In parallel with these trials, there have been some studies on adverse effects and safety that are important to review in this section. Among them, an oral administration of P. harmala extract was carried out in mice at a dose of 0–12 g/kg to evaluate the acute toxicity causing adverse effects at an LD 50 of 2.86 g/kg [ 118 ]. In a study to evaluate the subacute effects carried out by the daily oral administration of an aqueous extract for 28 consecutive days, no mortality was obtained, although a significant difference was observed in the weight of the organs between the control animals and those that received the treatment.…”

Section: Safety and Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the urinalysis was negative for all parameters except glucose. In addition, from the pathological point of view, some serious abnormalities and histological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues [ 118 ]. These results give us an idea of the high activity of the alkaloids contained in this plant and therefore of the need to deepen the knowledge of the adverse effects that they could present in humans.…”

Section: Safety and Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peganum spp.: A Comprehensive Review on Bioactivities and Health‐Enhancing Effects and Their Potential for the Formulation of Functional Foods and Pharmaceutical Drugs

Sharifi‐Rad

Quispe

Herrera‐Bravo

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The genus Peganum includes four species widely distributed in warm temperate to subtropical regions from the Mediterranean to Mongolia as well as certain regions in America. Among these species, Peganum harmala L., distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia, has been studied and its phytochemical profile, traditional folk use, and application in pharmacological and clinical trials are well known. The review is aimed at presenting an insight into the botanical features and geographical distribution of Peganum spp. along with traditional folk uses. This manuscript also reviews the phytochemical profile of Peganum spp. and its correlation with biological activities evidenced by the in vitro and in vivo investigations. Moreover, this review gives us an understanding of the bioactive compounds from Peganum as health promoters followed by the safety and adverse effects on human health. In relation to their multipurpose therapeutic properties, various parts of this plant such as seeds, bark, and roots present bioactive compounds promoting health benefits. An updated search (until December 2020) was carried out in databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Chemical studies have presented beta-carboline alkaloids as the most active constituents, with harmalol, harmaline, and harmine being the latest and most studied among these naturally occurring alkaloids. The Peganum spp. extracts have shown neuroprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. The extracts are also found effective in improving respiratory disorders (asthma and cough conditions), dermatoses, and knee osteoarthritis. Bioactivities and health-enhancing effects of Peganum spp. make it a potential candidate for the formulation of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. Nevertheless, adverse effects of this plant have also been described, and therefore new bioproducts need to be studied in depth. In fact, the design of new formulations and nanoformulations to control the release of active compounds will be necessary to achieve successful pharmacological and therapeutic treatments.

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Acute and Sub-acute Toxic Effects of Algerian Peganum harmala L. Crud Extract

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract

Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract

Effect of Peganum harmala seeds extract on the hepatic tissue structure and fetus of mice

Peganum spp.: A Comprehensive Review on Bioactivities and Health‐Enhancing Effects and Their Potential for the Formulation of Functional Foods and Pharmaceutical Drugs

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