Acute and Sublethal Effects of some Botanical and Chemical Insecticides on The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Larvae As Long-Term Storage Protectants التأثيرات الحادة وشبه المميتة لبعض المبيدات الحشرية النباتية والکيميائية على يرقات خنفساء الخابرا کواقيات طويلة الأجل للمنتجات المخزونة

Abstract

Globally, there are growing concerns about the overuse of synthetic insecticides to their subsequent damage to the environment and mammalian. Therefore, developing new and safe eco-friendly insecticides based on natural products, such as essential oils,is considered a substitute for chemical pesticides in pest control. In the present study,mimicry the storage environment for grain products stored in a small scale by surface treatment method to determining the lethal and effective concentrations for three chemical insecticides (Imidacloprid, Zeta-cypermethrin and Lufenuron) and three essential oils (Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon and Cuminum cyminum) against larvae of Trogoderma granarium at various concentrations and time intervals. Results revealed that the C. bergamia EO exhibited high larvacidal activity compared to the other two oils, i.e.,30.36% after 24h of exposure at the higher concentration (10 v/v), while after 72h of exposure at the same,mortality reached 75.33%. Concerning chemical insecticides, the imidacloprid insecticides at all tested concentrations were the most effective against T. granarium larvae, leading to 40% mortality at the lower concentration (1v/v) after 24h. of exposure, and 96.66% mortality at the higher concentration(10 v/v)72h. post-exposure. Whereupon, C. limon oil had significantly higher LC50 and LC99 values than other oils, indicating that C. bergamia oil was more toxic against T. granarium larvae than to both oils. In contrast, LC99 values of Lufenuron were the highest significantly being about 1.61 and 2.31 times compared to Zeta-cypermethrin and Imidacloprid at the maximum concentration tested after 72h of exposure, respectively.In sum,our research focuses on the potential of selected EOs as a suitable substitute for chemical pesticides against this noxious species.