Acute diarrhea in children

Abstract

Acute diarrhea (AD) is the most frequent gastroenterological disorder, and the main cause of dehydration in childhood. It is manifested by a sudden occurrence of three or more watery or loose stools per day lasting for seven to 10 days, 14 days at most. It mainly occurs in children until five years of age and particularly in neonates in the second half-year and children until the age of three years. Its primary causes are gastrointestinal infections, viral and bacterial, and more rarely alimentary intoxications and other factors. As dehydration and negative nutritive balance are the main complications of AD, it is clear that the compensation of lost body fluids and adequate diet form the basis of the child's treatment. Other therapeutic measures, except antipyretics in high febrility, antiparasitic drugs for intestinal lambliasis, anti-amebiasis and probiotics are rarely necessary. This primarily regards uncritical use of antibiotics and intestinal antiseptics in the therapy of bacterial diarrhea.The use of antiemetics, antidiarrhetics and spasmolytics is unnecessary and potentially risky, so that it is not recommended for children with AD.

Clinical manifestations of mixed infections between rotaviruses and other intestinal pathogens

“…In developed countries, viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea, while bacteria and parasites lead to diarrhea in 20% and 10% of the cases, respectively (2). Regardless of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation from 2009 on the global use of the rotavirus vaccine (3), rotaviruses (RVs) continue to cause the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis in children on a global scale (4).…”

Survival Analisis Suhu Tubuh pada Pasien Diare yang Diberikan Vitamin D

“…Diare merupakan penyakit yang menyerang sistem pencernaan, dan paling banyak disebabkan oleh mikroornanisme (bakteri dan virus) [1]. Diare masih menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar kedua di dunia setelah pneumonia dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang seperti di Indonesia [2].…”

New Algorithmic Approach to Acute Diarrhea; A Short Communication

“…Initially, a complete history of the patient including type and duration of diarrhea and other complaints such as fever, abdominal cramp, malaise and tenesmus should be asked. Also, pay attention to the incubation period (approximately 1 -6 hours due to enterotoxin of bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, 8 -16 hours due to diarrheal toxin of Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus, 1 -3 days due to Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Vibrio cholera and Yersinia enterocolitica) and the epidemiology of the region can be helpful in identifying the causative agent of bacterial or parasitic agents (6).…”