Acute Dysbaric Disorders: A Case Series in The Hyperbaric Center in Lombok 2016-2020

Abstract

This study aimed to describe acute dysbaric disorder (ADD) in the hyperbaric center in Lombok during 2016-2020. All types of ADD diagnosis which attend to Diving Health and Hyperbaric center Mataram General Hospital (DHM) 2016-2020 were included in the study. Secondary data of Medical Record then analyzed: patient characteristic, clinical status, and number of recompression therapy. An excel template was designed to be filled: identity, manifestation, risk factors, type of divers, and type of diagnosis. ADD cases was 114/835 (13.6%) among hyperbaric center's admissions. Types of ADD were: Type I DCI 80 (70.2%), type II DCI 31 (27.2%), Cerebral arterial gas embolism 2 (1.8%) and HAPE/HACE 1 (0.9%). The number of male patients is higher than females (86;28). Type of occupation: SCUBA divers 76 (66.7%); traditional divers 36 (31.6%), surfer and hiker each 1 (0.9%). The number of recompression therapy 4 or more 14 (12.3%) and less than four 100(87.7%). The top five manifestations are: fatigue, numbness, headache and muscular weakness and muscular pain and top five risk factors include: multiple dives per day, yo-yo profile, unexperienced, excessive physical activity, and anxiety. The incidents of acute dysbaric disorders incidents were low during 4 years. Type I DCI is the most common diagnosis followed by type II DCI, cerebral arterial gas embolisms and high altitude pulmonary/ cerebral edema. Scuba divers is the most affected occupation of ADD. Number of recompression therapy dominated less than 4 sessions. Neurological manifestation is commonly found, and multiple dives per day as the most prevalent risk factors for ADD.