Acute Gamma Irradiation Experiments with the Lizard Uta stansburiana

Turner, Frederick; Lannom, Joseph R.; Kania, Henry J.; Kowalewsky, B.W.

doi:10.2307/3572157

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In one study, where four species of amphibians (dusky salamander, mudpuppy, 'congo eels', and rough skinned newts) were irradiated with 10 Gy, there was 100% short-term mortality (only one species showed an LD below 10 Gy), but extending the assay period to 200 days led to an LD 50 value of 0.8-7 Gy (Sparrow et al, 1970). Similarly, it has been shown that the LD 50 values observed in frogs and salamanders for low-LET radiation (2-22 Gy) are similar to those shown by mammals and birds when the mean survival time is up to 190 days post irradiation (Cosgrove, 1965;Turner et al, 1967;Conger and Clinton, 1973).…”

Section: D24 Reference Frog (Amphibians)mentioning

confidence: 69%

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

2008

Ann ICRP

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Section: D24 Reference Frog (Amphibians)mentioning

confidence: 69%

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

2008

Ann ICRP

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“…Furthermore, survival appears to be higher in animals held at low ambient temperatures following irradiation (Patt & Swift ; O'Brien & Gojmerac ; Turner et al . ). In this case, however, it has been suggested that survival is prolonged because of a temporary delay in radiation damage manifestation (Berry & Oliver ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Sterility (Altland, Highman & Wood ; Turner et al . ; Turner & Medica ; Pearson et al . ; Nagy & Medica ; but see Brooks ), hematopoietic depression (Cosgrove ; Bair, Park & Clarke ; Conger & Clinton ; Kleinbergs‐Krisans & Catlett ) and necrosis of the epithelium especially in amphibians (Brunst ; Lappenbusch & Willis ) have been repeatedly reported at LD 50(30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiosensitivity is determined by the lethal dose, LD 50(x) , that is the cumulative radiation dose that will kill 50% of the study organisms over a time period 'x' (expressed in days). Sterility (Altland, Highman & Wood 1951;Turner et al 1967;Turner & Medica 1977;Pearson et al 1978;Nagy & Medica 1985;but see Brooks 1962), hematopoietic depression (Cosgrove 1965;Bair, Park & Clarke 1968;Conger & Clinton 1973;Kleinbergs-Krisans & Catlett 1975) and necrosis of the epithelium especially in amphibians (Brunst 1958;Lappenbusch & Willis 1970) have been repeatedly reported at LD 50(30) . Yet, most of our current knowledge on the effects of irradiation on the body during lCT is inferred from medical studies conducted on laboratory mammals (e.g.…”

Section: R a D I O S E N S I T I V I T Y I N R E P T I L E S A N D A mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beauty is more than skin deep: a non‐invasive protocol for in vivo anatomical study using micro‐CT

et al. 2016

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Summary Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a widely used tool in biomedical research, employed to investigate tissues and bone structures of small mammals in vivo. The application of in vivo μCT scanning in non‐medical studies greatly lags behind the rapid advancements made in the biomedical field wherein the methodology has evolved to allow for longitudinal studies and eliminate the need to sacrifice the animal. Ecological and evolutionary studies often involve morphological measurements of a large sample of live animals; however, the potential of in vivo μCT imaging as a method for data acquisition has yet to be delineated. Here, we describe a protocol for in vivo μCT imaging of the internal anatomy of reptiles and amphibians, commonly used study organisms in ecological and evolutionary research. We consider the skeletal and extraskeletal (i.e. osteoderms) bones of a lizard as a case study to elucidate the potential of in vivo μCT imaging. First, we explore the effects of various parameter settings on radiation dose, scan time and image quality. Secondly, we develop a protocol to immobilize and restrain study organisms during scanning without need for the administration of anaesthetics and compare the results of the in vivo protocol to images obtained post‐mortem. To immobilize animals, we replace the use of anaesthetics by cooling, thereby allowing the use of previously unsuitable rotating gantry μCT scanners that are readily available in scientific institutions. The resultant image quality of in vivo μCT scans is similar to that of post‐mortem μCT scans, especially in the abdominal region. We discuss the effect of tube voltage, distance to X‐ray source and metal filtration on radiation dose, and how these parameters could be altered to reduce the cumulative radiation dose while maintaining optimal image quality. The proposed in vivo μCT protocol offers a new approach to acquire anatomical information for non‐biomedical studies. We offer specific suggestions as to how the protocol can be employed to suit a variety of model organisms.

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“…These dose regimes would not be acutely lethal. The LD 50 , 30 for Uta stansburiaua from Rock Valley acutely exposed to Co60 gamma radiations is about 2000 R (Turner et a!. 1967).…”

Section: Uta Stansburianamentioning

confidence: 97%

Radiation Doses Sustained by Lizards in a Continuously Irradiated Natural Enclosure

Turner¹,

Lannom²

1968

Ecology

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Desert lizards occupying a 20—acre experimental facility continuously exposed to gamma radiation sustain tissue doses which are less than the cumulative free—air dose. Vegetation and terrain afford some shielding, but time spent below ground is the major source of protection. We estimate that, in the course of a year, tissue doses sustained by Uta stansburiana are from 0.3 to 0.6 of the cumulative free—air dose, and that about 1/3 of the total dose is experienced between June and August. Cnemidophorus tigris spends less time above ground, and sustains annual doses representing only about 0.1 to 0.2 of total incident gamma radiation. The dose experience of Crotaphytus wislizeni is intermediate to the other two species. Dose regimes experienced by Uta stansburiana in the experimental area are not acutely lethal.

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Acute Gamma Irradiation Experiments with the Lizard Uta stansburiana

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

Beauty is more than skin deep: a non‐invasive protocol for in vivo anatomical study using micro‐CT

Radiation Doses Sustained by Lizards in a Continuously Irradiated Natural Enclosure

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