Acute glucocorticoid effects on the multicomponent model of working memory

Vaz, Leonardo José; Pradella-Hallinan, Márcia; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo; Pompéia, Sabine

doi:10.1002/hup.1230

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Such a finding was not observed when patients were compared according to the mean daily hydrocortisone dose. A previous study demonstrated that acute glucocorticoid administration negatively affects the different components of working memory, including executive functions (28). The positive correlation found in our study between total hydrocortisone dose and the Benton score supports this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cognitive functions in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Amr

Baioumi

Serour

et al. 2019

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Objective: There is controversy regarding cognitive function in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This study is aimed at the assessment of cognitive functions in children with CAH, and their relation to hydrocortisone (HC) therapy and testosterone levels. Subjects and methods: Thirty children with CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency were compared with twenty age-and sexmatched healthy controls. HC daily and cumulative doses were calculated, the socioeconomic standard was assessed, and free testosterone was measured. Cognitive function assessment was performed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised for Children and Adults (WISC), the Benton Visual Retention Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results: The mean age (SD) of patients was 10.22 (3.17) years [11 males (36.7%), 19 females (63.3%)]. Mean (SD) HC dose was 15.78 (4.36) mg/ m 2 /day. Mean (SD) cumulative HC dose 44,689. 9 (26,892.02) mg. Patients had significantly lower scores in all domains of the WISC test, performed significantly worse in some components of the Benton Visual Retention Test, as well as in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. There was no significant difference in cognitive performance when patients were subdivided according to daily HC dose (< 10, 10-15, > 15 mg/m 2 /day). A positive correlation existed between cumulative HC dose and worse results of the Benton test. No correlation existed between free testosterone and any of the three tests. Conclusion: Patients with CAH are at risk of some cognitive impairment. Hydrocortisone therapy may be implicated. This study highlights the need to assess cognitive functions in CAH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cognitive functions in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Amr

Baioumi

Serour

et al. 2019

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…In contrast, as noted earlier, evidence from both rodents and humans suggests that glucocorticoid elevation can impair memory performance. In addition, in humans, this impairment has been seen with particular consistency for working memory as assessed with the Digit Span test (Elzinga and Roelofs, 2005; Schoofs et al, 2009; Vaz et al, 2011; Wolf et al, 2001). Thus, it is possible that postnatal glucocorticoid treatment of children with CAH may compromise their working memory ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although glucocorticoid administration may not affect all working memory-related tasks (Vaz et al, 2011), one working memory task that has been found to be influenced in a number of studies is Digit Span, a task that requires the recall and recitation of strings of numbers both forwards and backwards. Studies of healthy young men have found impaired Digit Span performance following treatment-induced glucocorticoid elevations (Vaz et al, 2011; Wolf et al, 2001), as well as following stress-induced glucocorticoid elevations (Schoofs et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of healthy young men have found impaired Digit Span performance following treatment-induced glucocorticoid elevations (Vaz et al, 2011; Wolf et al, 2001), as well as following stress-induced glucocorticoid elevations (Schoofs et al, 2009). Another study found similar impairment following stress-induced glucocorticoid elevations in both men and women who showed strong adrenergic activation following stress (Elzinga and Roelofs, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working memory performance is reduced in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Browne

Hindmarsh

Pasterski

et al. 2015

Hormones and Behavior

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Individuals with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) experience impaired glucocorticoid production and are treated postnatally with glucocorticoids. Prior research with animals and other human populations indicates that glucocorticoids can influence memory, particularly working memory. We tested the hypothesis that children with CAH would show reduced working memory. Children in the United Kingdom, aged 7-11 years, with classical CAH (31 girls, 26 boys) were compared to their unaffected relatives (30 girls, 20 boys) on a test of working memory, the Digit Span test. Vocabulary was also assessed to measure verbal intelligence for control purposes. Children with CAH showed reduced working memory performance compared to controls, on both components of the Digit Span test: p = .008 for Digit Span Forward, and p = .027 for Digit Span Backward, and on a composite score, p = .004. These differences were of moderate size (d = .53 to .70). Similar differences were also seen in a subset of 23 matched pairs of children with CAH and their relatives (d = .78 to .92). There were no group differences on Vocabulary. Glucocorticoid abnormality, including treatment effects, could be responsible for the reduced Digit Span performance in children with CAH. Other factors related to CAH, such as salt-wasting crises, could also be involved. Additional research is needed to identify the cause of the memory reduction, which will help to determine if more rapid diagnosis or more precise glucocorticoid treatment would help prevent memory reduction. Educational interventions might also be considered for children with CAH.

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“…Dual-task performance-the ability to perform simultaneously two tasks that load on different storage domains-also constitutes a separable type of executive function (see Logie et al, 2004), as does planning, or the ability to organize behavior toward a specific goal that must be achieved through intermediate stages (Jurado and Rosselli, 2007;Oosterman et al, 2013), and the efficiency of access to long-term memory (see Fisk and Sharp, 2004). Updating, shifting and inhibiting are correlated but distinguishable abilities (see Miyake et al, 2000;Friedman and Miyake, 2004;Miyake and Friedman, 2012), and all six types of executive functions can be assessed separately in the same experimental setting (e.g., see Vaz et al, 2011;Ginani et al, 2011;Borges et al, 2013). Evaluation of one's own performance (metacognition) is also related to executive control (e.g., Fernandez-Duque et al, 2000) and has been little investigated in the caffeine literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

Lanini

Galduróz

Pompéia

2015

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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Caffeine is widely used, often consumed with food, and improves simple and complex/executive attention under fasting conditions. We investigated whether these cognitive effects are observed when personalized habitual doses of caffeine are ingested by caffeine consumers, whether they are influenced by nutriments and if various executive domains are susceptible to improvement. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 60 young, healthy, rested males randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo fasting, caffeine fasting, placebo meal and caffeine meal. Caffeine doses were individualized for each participant based on their self-reported caffeine consumption at the time of testing (morning). The test battery included measures of simple and sustained attention, executive domains (inhibiting, updating, shifting, dual tasking, planning and accessing long-term memory), control measures of subjective alterations, glucose and insulin levels, skin conductance, heart rate and pupil dilation. Regardless of meal intake, acute habitual doses of caffeine decreased fatigue, and improved simple and sustained attention and executive updating. This executive effect was not secondary to the habitual weekly dose consumed, changes in simple and sustained attention, mood, meal ingestion and increases in cognitive effort. We conclude that the morning caffeine "fix" has positive attentional effects and selectively improved executive updating whether or not caffeine is consumed with food.

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Acute glucocorticoid effects on the multicomponent model of working memory

Abstract: Thus, hydrocortisone acutely impairs various components of working memory, including executive functioning. This effect must be considered when administering similar drugs, which are widely used for the treatment of many clinical disorders.

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

Cognitive functions in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Cognitive functions in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Working memory performance is reduced in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

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