Acute HIV-1 Infection

Cohen, Myron S.; Shaw, George M.; McMichael, Andrew J.; Haynes, Barton F.

doi:10.1056/nejmra1011874

Cited by 555 publications

(532 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…During acute HIV‐1 infection, there is a vigorous immune response that is unable to contain virus replication or the establishment of latency 37. In many cases, a single transmitted/founder virus establishes infection and then evolves within the host resulting in a diverse virus population 38.…”

Section: Development Of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies In Hiv‐1 Infementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic characteristics of HIV‐infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies

Borrow

Moody

2017

Immunological Reviews

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SummaryInduction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of inhibiting infection with diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is a key, as‐yet‐unachieved goal of prophylactic HIV‐1 vaccine strategies. However, some HIV‐infected individuals develop bnAbs after approximately 2‐4 years of infection, enabling analysis of features of these antibodies and the immunological environment that enables their induction. Distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells play opposing roles in the regulation of humoral responses: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells support germinal center formation and provide help for affinity maturation and the development of memory B cells and plasma cells, while regulatory CD4+ (Treg) cells including T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit the germinal center reaction to limit autoantibody production. BnAbs exhibit high somatic mutation frequencies, long third heavy‐chain complementarity determining regions, and/or autoreactivity, suggesting that bnAb generation is likely to be highly dependent on the activity of CD4+ Tfh cells, and may be constrained by host tolerance controls. This review discusses what is known about the immunological environment during HIV‐1 infection, in particular alterations in CD4+ Tfh, Treg, and Tfr populations and autoantibody generation, and how this is related to bnAb development, and considers the implications for HIV‐1 vaccine design.

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Section: Development Of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies In Hiv‐1 Infementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic characteristics of HIV‐infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies

Borrow

Moody

2017

Immunological Reviews

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“…Moreover, virus integration occurs early on in infection, before a protective antibody or T cell response can occur (5). Therefore, elicitation of protective antibodies before HIV-1 transmission will be required to achieve protection (6, 7). Antibodies that neutralize HIV-1 bind to the native envelope (Env) trimer, and neutralize by either blocking Env-CD4 receptor or by blocking virion fusion with host cells (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody‐virus co‐evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development

Bonsignori

Liao

Gao

et al. 2017

Immunological Reviews

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Summary Induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to date has only been observed in the setting of HIV-1 infection, and then only years after HIV transmission. Thus, the concept has emerged that one path to induction of bnAbs is to define the viral and immunologic events that occur during HIV-1 infection, and then to mimic those events with a vaccine formulation. This concept has led to efforts to map both virus and antibody events that occur from the time of HIV-1 transmission to development of bnAbs. This work has revealed that a virus-antibody “arms race” occurs in which a HIV-1 transmitted/founder (TF) Env induces autologous neutralizing antibodies that can not only neutralize the TF virus but also can select virus escape mutants that in turn select affinity-matured neutralizing antibodies. From these studies has come a picture of bnAb development that has led to new insights in host-pathogen interactions and, as well, led to insight into immunologic mechanisms of control of bnAb development. Here we review the progress to date in elucidating bnAb B cell lineages in HIV-1 infection, discuss new research leading to understanding the immunologic mechanisms of bnAb induction, and address issues relevant to the use of this information for the design of new HIV-1 sequential envelope vaccine candidates.

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“…Vaccines are an essential preventive intervention against diseases that may be more severe amongst PLWH, such as influenza. Vaccine coverage amongst adults in Mexico is low, but no data on PLWH is available [1]. In preliminary studies from our clinic we found that all patients receive prescriptions for influenza vaccines, but we have no data on real coverage.…”

Section: P038mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation is non-specific and laboratory confirmation may be inaccurate [1]. Timely and optimal identification and treatment of patients during the acute phase of HIV infection impact the long-term outcome of the individual and transmission [2].…”

Section: P039mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaker Abstracts

2017

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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Acute HIV-1 Infection

Cited by 555 publications

References 95 publications

Immunologic characteristics of HIV‐infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies

Immunologic characteristics of HIV‐infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies

Antibody‐virus co‐evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development

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