Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Chromosomal Abnormalities in Childhood Reporting at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh

Abstract

ABSTRACT… Objectives:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh. Study design: Observation study. Place of study: Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad and Oncology Unit Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Duration of study: From January 2014 to March 2015. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic analysis was conducted on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of 100 diagnosed cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were collected and putted into sodium heparinized bottles. Cytogenetic analysis was performed by karyotyping according to the ISCN guidelines for human cytogenetic nomenclature using cytovision-+ system for image analysis. Data was analyzed on statistic 8.1 USA and expressed as means, percentage and chi-square with P-value of ≤ 0.05 being defined significant. Results: Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 53% of the ALL cases. Numerical abnormalities were found in 71% whereas 35% cases showed structural abnormalities. 29% cases of ALL showed diploidy and aneuploidy was found in 69% of cases and 2% cases were unknown. Highest number of patients 51% showed hyperploidy followed by 12% cases of hypoploidy and 6% showed pseudoploidy. Chromosomal translocations t(9; 22) (q34; q11) and t(8; 22) (q24; q11) were noted in 6% each and t(8; 14) (q22; q32) were seen in 5% of the cases of childhood ALL. Conclusion: The present study reports chromosomal abnormalities in 53% of cases. Numerical abnormalities were found in 71% whereas 35% cases showed structural abnormalities. Key words:Childhood Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Chromosomal, Numerical and structural abnormalities