Acute myopathy in horses at grass in east and south east Scotland

Hosie, BD; Gould, PW; Hunter, AR; Low, J. C.; Munro, Ranald; Wilson, HC

doi:10.1136/vr.119.18.444

Cited by 37 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…In addition, epidemiological surveys had highlighted the seasonality of the disease and its potential link with trees , van Galen et al 2012a). However, previous botanical surveys (Hosie et al 1986, Brandt et al 1997, Puyalto-Moussu et al 2004) had failed to identify any known toxic plant since A. pseudoplatanus, the only tree repeatedly observed on the premises of AM cases (Brandt et al 1997, Puyalto-Moussu et al 2004, van der Kolk et al 2010, was considered safe for horses. In 2012, Valberg and collaborators (Valberg et al 2013) observed that seeds from Acer negundo were always present on all premises inspected where horses had suffered from SPM.…”

Section: Identifying the Cause: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equine atypical myopathy (AM) in Europe has moved from anecdotal reports (Anonymous 1985, Hosie et al 1986, Whitwell et al 1988, Hillam 1991, Robinson 1991, Delguste et al 2002 to large outbreaks (Brandt et al 1997, van Galen et al 2010, van Galen et al 2012a over the years. Nearly 1,600 European cases of AM from about twenty European countries have been reported to the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group (AMAG) via its dedicated website (http//www.myopathie-atypique.be) between autumn 2006 and January 2015.…”

Section: Identifying the Cause: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreaks in the autumn are fre- quently seen on the days following stormy weather (Hosie et al 1986, Harris and Whitwell 1990. Currently, it is unknown whether freshly fallen samaras are more toxic than older ones that might have lost their toxicity over time.…”

Section: How Do Horses Get Poisoned In the Autumn?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cause of atypical myopathy has been discovered – what should we do now?

Votion¹

2015

PHK

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Summary: This review chronicles the events that led to the discovery of the cause of atypical myopathy (AM). Knowledge of the pathophysiological process of AM has guided the search for the aetiological agent towards toxins that reproduce the biochemical defect identified, whereas epidemiological enquiries indicated that the toxin we were looking for was linked to the environment, especially trees. A toxin named hypoglycin A was known to induce the human Jamaican vomiting sickness, which presents a similar pathophysiology to AM. This human disease results from the ingestion of a tropical fruit borne by a tree of the same family as Acer pseudoplatanus, the latter being consistently found within the vicinity of AM cases. Owing to a collaboration between Europe and the US, it was demonstrated that the toxic metabolite of hypoglycin A was present in the blood of AM cases and further studies confirmed the presence of hypoglycin A in the seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus. An incidence of outbreaks of AM may easily be linked to falling fruits in the autumn, but up to recently, the cause of spring outbreaks was unknown. This review answers the question, "How do horses get poisoned in the spring?" and raises the possible role of humidity or other trees in the disease induction. Recent findings that might be of importance to prevent and/or cure AM are also summarised. The paper concludes with the necessity to continue the recording of cases to help horses' owners prevent AM.

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Section: Identifying the Cause: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying the Cause: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cause of atypical myopathy has been discovered – what should we do now?

Votion¹

2015

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“…Por outro lado, os casos de miopatia atípica descritos por Hosie et al (1986) e Votion & Serteyn (2008) não responderam a terapia com vitamina E e Se, o que difere do observado nesse surto onde houve melhora clínica dos animais que não apresentaram decúbito permanente. Já os dois casos que apresentaram decúbito permanente, a terapia não foi eficiente, pois um animal morreu e o outro, apesar de ter sobrevivido, desenvolveu atrofia muscular severa.…”

Section: Discussão E Conclusãounclassified

Aspectos morfológicos de biópsias musculares em equinos com miopatia sob forma de surto

et al. 2011

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(7):579-585, julho 2011 RESUMO.-As miopatias em equinos são classificadas de acordo com aspectos clínicos, morfológicos e moleculares, em três grandes grupos: não associadas ao exercício, associadas ao exercício e devido alteração da condução elétrica do sarcolema. Apesar dos avanços no diagnóstico, a literatura ainda relata surtos de miopatia em equinos sem etiologia esclarecida em diversos países. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as alterações histológicas e histoquímicas de biópsias musculares de equinos acometidos por miopatia. Sete equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, com 18-24 meses de idade, apresentaram sinais clínicos de miopatia. Dentre esses animais, cinco apresentaram sinais subagudos leves a moderados e dois apresentaram sinais hiperagudos severos e decúbito lateral. Foram realizadas biópsias musculares utilizando a técnica percutâ-nea, por agulha tipo Bergström, no músculo glúteo médio em todos os animais acometidos. As amostras foram processadas por meio de técnicas histológicas (HE, Tricrômio de Gomori modificado) e histoquímicas (PAS, NADH, ATPase). Nos quadros clínicos mais leves, a principal alteração encontrada foi a presença de fibras vermelhas rajadas do tipo I e Equine myopathies are classified according clinic, morphologic and molecular features in three groups: Non-exertional, exertional, and abnormal muscle membrane conduction. In spite the advances in diagnostic, the literature has reported outbreaks of equine myopathy without clear etiology in several countries. The aim of this study was to describe the histological and histochemical findings of muscle biopsies in an outbreak of equine myopathy. Seven 18 to 24-month-old Quarter horses showed clinical signs of myopathy. Five horses presented mild clinical signs and two horses had severe clinical signs with recumbency. Muscle biopsies were obtained from gluteal medium muscle by percutaneous technique with Bergstrom needle in all affected horses. Muscle samples were processed by histological (HE, modified gomori-trichrome) and histochemical (PAS, NADH, ATPase) technics. In animals with mild clinical signs, ragged red fibers type I and IIA, related to the oxidative metabolism dysfunction of mitochondria, was the main abnormality found. Muscle fiber atrophy and presence of subsarcolemmal aggregates in type I and IIA muscle fibers were also observed. More severe affected horses presented inflammatory infiltrate, proliferation of collagen, phagocytosis, necrosis and calcification. Based on the morphological findings, vitamin E therapy response associated with the low mortality when compared with atypical myopathy reports, We concluded that this outbreak was triggering for mitochondrial lesions, characterized by ragged red muscle fibers, probably due a breakdown homeostasis in vitamin E and Se, being compatible with nutritional myopathy diagnosis.INDEX TERMS: White muscle disease, nutritional myopathy, atypical myopathy, ragged red fibers.

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“…En 1986, une équipe de scientifiques écossais (Hosie et al, 1986) décrivait une série de cas de myopathies aiguës observés chez des chevaux au pré à l'automne 1984 et au printemps 1985 dans l'Est et le Sud Ouest de l'Ecosse. A partir de 1988, plusieurs autres cas sont décrits dans la littérature scientifique : en Angleterre (WHITWELL et al, 1988), en Allemagne (BRANDT et al, 1997) …”

Section: • Introductionunclassified