Acute Pancreatitis

Tenner, Scott; Steinberg, William M.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6189-2.00058-5

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…Older age and female sex are frequent characteristics of acute pancreatitis of biliary origin. However the risk of developing pancreatitis in gallstones patients is higher in the male sex [19].…”

Section: Etiology Of Acute Pancreatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methyl alcohol, Trinidad, and Brazil Scorpion venom (massive cholinergic hyperstimulation of the pancreas) [19], methyl alcohol, organophosphorous insecticides have been reported to induce acute pancreatitis. Smoking, until recently considered only as a cofactor associated to alcohol, however some studies suggest smoking as an independent risk factor for acute and chronic pancreatitis [48].…”

Section: Other Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) has also been considered as controversial cause of acute pancreatitis [18,19,24,33,38].The sphincter of Oddi is a segment of circular and longitudinal muscle 6 to 10 mm long encircling the distal common bile duct and pancreatic duct. A resting pressure is maintained to allow the gallbladder to fill during fasting and prevent retrograde reflux of duodenal contents into the choledochus.…”

Section: Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is caused by migration of calculi from the gallbladder , towards the duodenum. Proposed mechanisms include biliary reflux into the pancreatic duct because transient obstruction of the ampulla during stone passage ,and pancreatic ductal hypertension from either stone impacted at the ampulla or ampullary trauma by stone passage [19].The increase in pancreatic duct pressure results in damage to the integrity of the duct system; bile reflux can activate trypsin and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells, and release of a series of inflammatory mediators [9,18]. Only 3-7% of patients with gallstones develop acute pancreatitis.…”

Section: Etiology Of Acute Pancreatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A minority of patients with pancreas divisum becomes symptomatic with recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis or chronic abdominal pain without evidence of pancreatitis . Some referral centers report that patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis have a higher incidence of pancreas divisum than general population [19,35].…”

Section: Pancreas Divisummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology of acute pancreatitis

2014

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AbstractAcute pancreatitis is a common disease with a benign course in the majority of patients, but it is associated with serious morbidity, and mortality close to 20% in up to 20% of cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis seems to be rising in western countries. About 75% of all cases are caused by gallstones or alcoholism. The relative rate of gallstones versus alcohol as etiology depends on the age and the area of enrolment. A thorough evaluation allows cause identification in another 10% of cases, leaving about 15–20% as idiopathic. The most common causes, and a growing list of less frequent and sometimes very rare and controversial etiologies, are reviewed in this article. A classification on the pathogenic mechanisms of causes of acute pancreatitis based is used in this Review. The approach, or suggested plan of investigations, to determine the etiology of acute pancreatitis, based on the most recently published Guidelines is outlined.

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Section: Etiology Of Acute Pancreatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%