Acute Pediatric Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in the Absence of Fracture

Abstract

Level IV Case Series.

Special Aspects of Forearm Compartment Syndrome in Children

“…A Compartment Syndrome has either extrinsic or intrinsic causes, and will be described as acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent (Bae et al, 2001;Grottkau et al, 2005;Joseph et al, 2006;Krahn, 2005;Mars & Hadley, 1998;Mubarak & Carroll, 1979;Ouellette, 1998;Paletta & Dehghan, 1994;Prasarn & Ouellette, 2009, 2011Ragland et al, 2005;Ramos et al, 2006;Sawyer, 2010;Wright, 2009 Blakemoore et al, 2000;Grottkau et al, 2005;Krahn, 2005;Krenzien et al, 1998;Mubarak & Carroll, 1979;Ouellette, 1998;Paletta & Dehghan, 1994;Preis, 2000;Ragland et al, 2005;Ramos et al, 2006;Wright, 2009). …”

“…With early diagnosis and expeditious treatment being of key importance (Bae et al, 2001;Battaglia et al, 2002;Berger & Weiss, 2001;Bibbo et al, 2000;Blakemore et al, 2000;Choi et al, 2010;Christiansen et al, 1983;Cooney et al, 1980;Gousheh, 2010;Grottkau et al, 2005;Kadiyala & Waters, 1998;Kowtharapu et al, 2008;Krahn, 2005;Krenzien et al, 1998;Landi & Abate, 2010;Mars & Hadley,1998;Mubarak & Carroll, 1979;Ogden, 2000;Ouellette, 1998;Paletta & Dehghan, 1994;Prasarn et al, 2009;Prasarn & Ouellette, 2011;Preis 2000;Ragland et al, 2005;Ramos et al, 2006;Sawyer et al, 2010;Shin et al, 1996;Stott et al, 1997;Tachi et al, 2001;Yuan et al, 2004;Zhixin et al, 2010).…”

“…Incision lines should never cross skin folds perpendicular and never leave badly perfused flaps or skin margins behind (Berger & Weiss, 2001;Krenzien et al, 1998;Ogden, 2000). Splinting, elevation, and delayed wound closure usually follows the simple compartment fasciotomy (Bae et al, 2010;Battaglia et al, 2002;Blakemore et al, 2000;Choi et al, 2010;Cooney et al, 1980;Christiansen et al, 1983;Kowtharapu et al, 2008;Krahn, 2005;Landi & Abate, 2010;Mars & Hadley, 1998;Mubarak & Carroll, 1979;Ogden, 2000;Ouellette, 1998;Prasarn et al, 2009;Prasarn & Ouellette, 2011;Ragland et al, 2005;Ramos et al, 2006;Sawyer wt al, 2010;Shin et al, 1996;Stott et al, 1997;Zhixin et al, 2010).…”

“…Full functional recovery is anticipated within 6 months in most patients (Bae et al, 2001), and average follow-up reported is 22 months (Prasarn et al, 2009). …”

Pediatric Hereditary Angioedema as a Cause of Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Hand and Forearm: A Case Report

“…In the absence of trauma, ACS can be caused by infection, burns, snakebites, or by iatrogenic means, such as intravenous infiltration or tourniquet retention. 3,[5][6][7]11,12 The pathophysiology of ACS involves tissue swelling and edema, leading to elevated pressure within fascial compartments. As intracompartmental pressure continues to increase, tissue perfusion can become compromised with resultant ischemia and necrosis if left untreated.…”