Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Animal Health and Welfare

Gómez-Laguna, J.; Salguero, Francisco J.; Pallarés, F. J.; Rodríguez-Gómez, I.M.; Barranco, I.; Carrasco, L.

doi:10.5772/19166

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Classification of acute phase reactions is dependent on the change in APP concentration: A 10-100-fold elevation is considered major; a 2-10-fold elevation is considered moderate; and a less than 2-fold elevation is considered minor (7). The APPs elevated in a major APR include C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid (SA); the APPs elevated in a moderate APR include α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP); and the APPs elevated in a minor APR include fibrinogen, haptoglobin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to infection, the liver synthesizes a large quantity of APPs (8). There are 8 proteins which are overexpressed in APRs denoted as 'positive' APPs, including Hp, SA, fibrinogen, Cp, AGP, α-1 antitrypsin (AAT), lactoferrin (Lf) and CRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 8 proteins which are overexpressed in APRs denoted as 'positive' APPs, including Hp, SA, fibrinogen, Cp, AGP, α-1 antitrypsin (AAT), lactoferrin (Lf) and CRP. Similarly, there are a number of 'negative' APPs the expression levels of which are reduced, including albumin, transferrin and transthyretin (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Types of acute phase reactants and their importance in vaccination (Review)

Khalil

Al-Humadi

2020

biom rep

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Vaccines are considered to be one of the most cost-effective life-saving interventions in human history. The body's inflammatory response to vaccines has both desired effects (immune response), undesired effects [(acute phase reactions (APRs)] and trade-offs. Trade-offs are more potent immune responses which may be potentially difficult to separate from potent acute phase reactions. Thus, studying acute phase proteins (APPs) during vaccination may aid our understanding of APRs and homeostatic changes which can result from inflammatory responses. Depending on the severity of the response in humans, these reactions can be classified as major, moderate or minor. In this review, types of APPs and their importance in vaccination will be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Types of acute phase reactants and their importance in vaccination (Review)

Khalil

Al-Humadi

2020

biom rep

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“…Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are the main APPs in small ruminants (Gomez-Laguna et al, 2011). Hp belongs to a group of transporter plasma proteins that bind the free haemoglobin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAA plays a role as an opsonin, prevents accumulation of cholesterol on the site of inflammation and modulates innate immune reactions (Ceciliani et al, 2012). Other important APPs in sheep and goats are the α-1 acid glycoprotein (a moderate APP), fibrinogen (a minor APP in sheep but moderate in goats) and ceruloplasmin (a minor APP) (Gomez-Laguna et al, 2011). Changes in their concentrations occur early in the course of disease before manifestation of clinical signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview

Iliev¹,

Georgieva²

2019

BJVM

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Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of proteins synthesised mainly by the liver. Their production is stimulated in response to disturbances in the systemic homeostasis. It is known that each species has a specific set of APPs. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin are the main APPs in small ruminants and their plasma concentration is changed most significantly in comparison with minor APPs such as ceruloplasmin. In general, APPs could provide valuable information on the general condition of the organism but cannot point at the exact disease. Therefore, APPs should be included as an additional indicator in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of APPs behaviour in disease states has a remarkable potential for detecting animals with subclinical infections, determining the prognosis of clinical infection, differentiation between viral and bacterial disease, treatment monitoring, vaccine effectiveness and stress conditions. The aim of this review is to present data on APPs behaviour during some parasitic and infectious diseases as well as pathological conditions leading to aseptic inflammation and stress in sheep and goats.

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Proteomic methods for the study of porcine acute phase proteins – anything new to detect?

Miller

Gianazza

2023

Vet Res Commun

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Acute phase proteins (APPs) reflect the health status of individuals and are important tools in diagnostics, as their altered levels are a sign of disturbed homeostasis. While, in most cases, quantitation of known serum APPs is routinely performed by immunoassays, proteomics is helpful in discovery of new biomarker candidates, especially in samples other than body fluids. Besides putting APP regulation into an overall context of differentially abundant proteins, this approach can detect further details or outright new features in protein structure or specific modifications, and help understand better their function. Thus, it can show up ways to make present diagnostic assays more sensitive and/or specific, or correlate regulations of disease-specific proteins. The APP repertoire is dependent on the species. The pig is both, an important farm animal and a model animal for human diseases, due to similarities in physiology. Besides reviewing existing literature, yet unpublished examples for two-dimensional electrophoresis in connection with pig APPs highlight some of the benefits of proteomics. Of further help would be the emerging targeted proteomics, offering the possibility to determine particular isoforms or proteoforms, without the need of specific antibodies, but this method is presently scarcely used in veterinary medicine.

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Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Animal Health and Welfare

Cited by 17 publications

References 211 publications

Types of acute phase reactants and their importance in vaccination (Review)

Types of acute phase reactants and their importance in vaccination (Review)

Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview

Proteomic methods for the study of porcine acute phase proteins – anything new to detect?

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