Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy cattle: possible use for assessment of neurological diseases

Filippo, Paula Alessandra Di; Lannes, Saulo Tinoco de; Meireles, Marcos A.D.; Nogueira, Andressa Francisca Silva; Ribeiro, Luiza Maria Feitosa; Graça, Flávio Augusto Soares; Glória, Leonardo Siqueira

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5093

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This transcriptome alteration centers around the so-called acute-phase response to peripheral inflammation. CP is ideally situated, with the help of CSF which carries the secreted proteins 37 , to pass immunosignaling molecules into the ventricle-brain axis.…”

Section: Barrier Alteration By Inflammatory Cytokines: Triggering Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroid Plexus Blood-CSF Barrier: Major Player in Brain Disease Modeling and Neuromedicine

Johanson¹,

Providence²,

Trail³

et al. 2018

J Neurol Neuromed

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The choroid plexus (CP) of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) impacts CSF homeostasis, brain diseases and neuromedical translation. CP executes neuroendocrine, excretory, and neuroimmune actions. BCSFB diversely manages brain-spinal cord fluid environments, giving rise to a wide pathophysiology spectrum. Newly-discovered choroidal phenomena include integration of circadian clock signals, immune interaction with gut microbiotica, and expression of receptors to taste CSF composition. BCSFB tight junctions and transcellular mechanisms differ from blood-brain barrier (BBB) counterparts, variably regulating pathogen and leukocyte access to the CSF-brain nexus. This review highlights microbial agents, substrates and autoantigens using CP epithelial membranes to penetrate CSF and periventricular regions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is analyzed as a barrier-damaging agent and neuroinflammation promoter. Transducing LPSand toll-like receptor activity produce CP-CSF cytokines in sickness behavior and virulent sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Agents/systems that counter oxidative activity such as matrix metalloproteinase 8 inhibitors and Nrf2 activators (bile acids and isothiocyanates) show promise as neural and CP protectants. One review theme emphasizes CP's preponderant role in initiating central diseases, and their remediation. In view of BCSFB permeativity alterations and epithelial transformation, we discuss: systemic lupus erythematosus, N-methyl D-aspartateassociated autoencephalitis, helicobacter disruption of BCSFB, toll-like receptor 2 stimulation in CP (neuroinflammation), the CP gateway for trypanosomes, and APOE-linked cholesterol transport into CSF. Another section treats concurrent involvement of BCSFB-BBB alterations in helminthic meningitis, forebrain ischemia, acute hyperthermia, leptin resistance/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimertype neurodegeneration. Barrier impairment is analyzed by injury type, time course, therapeutic strategies, and translational neuromedicine principles. The restorative power of BCSFB-transported growth factors, hormones and medicinal agents is emphasized for strengthening CP-CSF homeostatic mechanisms in seizures, stroke and Parkinsonism. A worthy therapeutic aim is to attenuate CNS disorders triggered by BCSFB malfunction, using CSF-delivered therapeutic agents for promoting neural viability.

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Section: Barrier Alteration By Inflammatory Cytokines: Triggering Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroid Plexus Blood-CSF Barrier: Major Player in Brain Disease Modeling and Neuromedicine

Johanson¹,

Providence²,

Trail³

et al. 2018

J Neurol Neuromed

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“…This anomaly reported in humans, has not been previously revealed in ruminants. Only the CSF in cattle (the cerebrospinal fluid) presented α1-antitripsin (Fagliari et al 2007;Sampaio et al 2015;Di Filippo 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Cattle and Comparison between Assays for Markers of Inflammation and Markers of Liver Alteration

2021

Int J Vet Sci

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This study aims to prove the advantage to use blood serum electrophoresis (BSE) in medicine for cattle. For that, 200 animal’s cases (healthy or diseased) were studied. We found, in order of importance: 47 cases of respiratory diseases, 7 cases of lameness, 9 cases of mastitis and 8 cases of metritis, the rest have developed inflammatory signs (hyperthermia, low appetite) without any other specific clinical signs (15 subjects). The majority of animals reveal the highest ratio A/G (Albumin/globulin). Alpha2 globulins were markedly high during bronchopneumonia. Most of the cattle had a low value of the α1 globulins (3.67±1.16g/l). The majority of cattle had a low value of the α1 zone in comparing with normal range. Seven subjects have developed a monoclonal peak in hyper-gamma globulins. The fibrinogen concentrations did not exceed the threshold of 5g/l. The concentration of Haptoglobin was higher for only ten animals. The electrophoresis of blood serum can replace the biochemical parameters used to determinate the alterations of the liver function: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). We found if the level of the α2 and γ globulins is highest; it gives the same interpretation for the animal’s inflammation status like we have with the increased level of haptoglobin observed for bronchopneumonia. For the other cases, like the insidious pathologies, they are detected by the α2 and γ globulins, but not by haptoglobin. Our study has proved that the use of blood serum electrophoresis confirms the diagnosis of symptomatic pathologies and allows detecting asymptomatic pathologies.

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“…This case is described in humans [30], also, it is the result of an impairment of the respiratory system [31][32][33][34]. However, only the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in cattle contained α1-antitripsin, with detectable value [29].…”

Section: α1-globulinsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We suggested the hypothesis of a congenital origin of α1 antitrypsin deficiency [the major protein of α1 zone] [8], like for humans, because of the similarities of the role and origin in the two species. However, in cattle, the serum levels of α1-antitripsin can be so low that their systemic detection is difficult [29]. This case is described in humans [30], also, it is the result of an impairment of the respiratory system [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: α1-globulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Serum Bovine Blood Electrophoresis in Veterinary Diagnosis

Khiredine Metref

2023

Electrophoresis - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]

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The veterinary practitioner, for the diagnosis of diseases, needs practical tools, fast, inexpensive, and, above all, available. The importance of this chapter lies in the reduction of various para-clinical examinations known in bovine medicine, which are often difficult to handle during a displacement in rural areas and which are also expensive. For this reason, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is an important component of laboratory diagnostic evaluations for serum protein measurement. Electrophoresis is based on the movement of charged particles through a buffered medium subjected to an electric field. Some variations that can be noticed in the SPE depend on some physiological and pathological cases. Early diagnosis of diseases is particularly important because treatments are no longer effective when the degree of consequences damages are too severe; because the clinical signs are not specific, the general clinical examination of the dairy cow can only lead to a suspicion of disease without a necessary tool, for confirmation or discover an insidious inflammatory process.

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Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy cattle: possible use for assessment of neurological diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Choroid Plexus Blood-CSF Barrier: Major Player in Brain Disease Modeling and Neuromedicine

Choroid Plexus Blood-CSF Barrier: Major Player in Brain Disease Modeling and Neuromedicine

Abnormalities of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Cattle and Comparison between Assays for Markers of Inflammation and Markers of Liver Alteration

Advantages of Serum Bovine Blood Electrophoresis in Veterinary Diagnosis

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