Acute phase response and clinical manifestation in outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon in dairy herds

Kontturi, Miia; Junni, Reijo; Kujala‐Wirth, Minna; Malinen, Erja; Seuna, Eija; Pelkonen, Sinikka; Soveri, Timo; Simojoki, Heli

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101375

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the liver they induce the production of acute phase proteins (APPs) such as serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) [19,20]. Many different pathological conditions have been shown to elevate bovine serum SAA and Hp, i.e., mastitis [21,22], respiratory infection [23], and hoof disorders [24][25][26][27]. However, few studies have compared findings for local and systemic inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Inflammation in Finnish Dairy Cows with Digital Dermatitis

Pirkkalainen,

Riihimäki,

Lienemann

et al. 2024

Animals

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Digital dermatitis is a disease of the digital skin and causes lameness and welfare problems in dairy cattle. This study assessed the local and systemic inflammatory responses of cows with different digital dermatitis lesions and compared macroscopical and histological findings. Cow feet (n = 104) were evaluated macroscopically and skin biopsies histologically. Serum samples were analyzed for acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Cows with macroscopically graded active lesions (p = 0.028) and non-active lesions (p = 0.008) had higher interleukin-1 beta levels in their serum compared to healthy cows. Interleukin-1 beta serum concentrations were also higher (p = 0.042) when comparing lesions with necrosis to lesions without necrosis. There was no difference when other cytokine or acute phase protein concentrations in healthy cows were compared to those in cows with different digital dermatitis lesions. A novel histopathological grading was developed based on the chronicity of the lesions and presence of necrosis and ulceration. The presence and number of spirochetes were graded separately. In the most severe chronic lesions, there was marked epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis with necrosis, deep ulceration, and suppurative inflammation. Spirochetes were found only in samples from necrotic lesions. This study established that digital dermatitis activates proinflammatory cytokines. However, this did not initiate the release of acute phase proteins from the liver. A histopathological grading that takes into account the age and severity of the lesions and presence of spirochetes was developed to better understand the progression of the disease. It is proposed that necrosis of the skin is a result of ischemic necrosis following reduced blood flow in the dermal papillae due to pressure and shear stress caused by thickened epidermis, and that the spirochetes are secondary invaders following tissue necrosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Inflammation in Finnish Dairy Cows with Digital Dermatitis

Pirkkalainen,

Riihimäki,

Lienemann

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…During the acute phase response APPs prevent the humoral and cell-mediated immune system from causing unnecessary damage to the host organism ( Gatt et al., 1998 ; Rossbacher et al., 1999 ). Elevated bovine APPs such as serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp), have been detected in the venous blood of cattle suffering from various diseases, including lower respiratory disease ( Prohl et al., 2015 ), mastitis ( Suojala et al., 2008 ; Thomas et al., 2018 ) and hoof disorders ( Bagga et al., 2016 ; Ilievska et al., 2019 ; Kontturi et al., 2020 ). Other parameters have also been investigated; Almeida et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many different hoof disorders can trigger APR ( Bagga et al., 2016 ; Ilievska et al., 2019 ; Jawor et al., 2008 ; Kontturi et al., 2020 ). Tóthová et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute phase response of sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis in dairy cows

Pirkkalainen

Talvio

Kujala

et al. 2022

Veterinary and Animal Science

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Potential biomarkers for lameness and claw lesions in dairy cows: A scoping review

Sadiq,

Ramanoon,

Mansor

et al. 2024

Journal of Dairy Research

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One of the major challenges in lameness management is prompt detection, especially before visible gait disturbance. This scoping review describes the potential biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows reported in the literature, their relevance in lameness diagnosis, identifying cows at risk of developing claw lesions and monitoring recovery after treatment. Using specific keywords, a comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to retrieve relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022. A total of 31 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The categories of potential markers for lameness reported in the literature included acute phase proteins (APPs), nociceptive neuropeptides, stress hormones, proteomes, inflammatory cytokines and metabolites in serum, urine and milk. Cortisol, APPs (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and serum, urinary and milk metabolites were the most studied biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows. While APPs, nociceptive neuropeptides and blood cortisol analyses assisted in elucidating the pain and stress experienced by lame cows during diagnosis and after treatment, evidence-based data are lacking to support their use in identifying susceptible animals. Meanwhile, metabolomic techniques revealed promising results in assessing metabolic alterations occurring before, during and after lameness onset. Several metabolites in serum, urinary and milk were reported that could be used to identify susceptible cows even before the onset of clinical signs. Nevertheless, further research is required employing metabolomic techniques to advance our knowledge of claw horn lesions and the discovery of novel biomarkers for identifying susceptible cows. The applicability of these biomarkers is challenging, particularly in the field, as they often require invasive procedures.

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Acute phase response and clinical manifestation in outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon in dairy herds

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Local and Systemic Inflammation in Finnish Dairy Cows with Digital Dermatitis

Local and Systemic Inflammation in Finnish Dairy Cows with Digital Dermatitis

Acute phase response of sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis in dairy cows

Potential biomarkers for lameness and claw lesions in dairy cows: A scoping review

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