Acute renal failure after licorice ingestion: A case report

Veličković‐Radovanović, Radmila; Mitić, Branka; Kitić, Dušanka; S, Kostić; Cvetković, Tatjana; Djordjević, Vidojko

doi:10.2478/s11536-010-0052-3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Mild to severe AH with secondary organ impairment (i.e., hypertensive encephalopathy [ 19 , 26 , 51 , 72 , 73 , 83 ], hypertensive retinopathy [ 31 , 81 ], acute kidney injury [ 47 , 49 , 66 , 79 ], MACEs [ 11 , 24 , 25 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 54 , 59 , 88 , 97 , 99 , 100 ], pulmonary edema [ 22 , 94 ]) were commonly described. Sigurjònsdottir et al showed a linear dose-response relationship between liquorice intake and BP increase [ 130 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the use of GL as sweetener for foods and drugs is widespread; therefore its unintentional intake may occur regardless the conscious consumption of candies [ 62 , 64 ]. Moreover, physicians should be aware of over-the-counter herbal mixtures commonly consumed to treat digestive symptoms or quit smoking [ 41 ], lose weight [ 9 ], or treat infertility [ 47 ]. To date, most of the herbal compounds are unlicensed by pharmaceutical drug regulatory authorities and the actual amount of active ingredients are neither listed nor standardized.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquorice Toxicity: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Ceccuzzi,

Rapino,

Perna

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Renowned since ancient times for its medical properties, liquorice is nowadays mainly used for flavoring candies or soft drinks. Continuous intake of large amounts of liquorice is a widely known cause of pseudo-hyperaldosteronism leading to hypertension and hypokalemia. These manifestations are usually mild, although in some cases may generate life-threatening complications, i.e., arrhythmias, muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and coma. In addition, liquorice has an important estrogenic-like activity. Methods: We summarized the current knowledge about liquorice and reviewed 104 case reports in both the English and Italian languages from inception to June 2023 concerning complications due to an excess of liquorice intake. Results: In contrast to most published data, female sex and old age do not appear to be risk factors. However, hypertension and electrolyte imbalance (mainly hypokalemia) are prevalent features. The detection of glycyrrhetinic acid in blood is very uncommon, and the diagnosis is essentially based on an accurate history taking. Conclusions: Although there is not a significant mortality rate, liquorice toxicity often requires hospitalization and therefore represents a significant health concern. Major pharmaceutical drug regulatory authorities should solicit public awareness about the potentially dangerous effects caused by excessive use of liquorice.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquorice Toxicity: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Ceccuzzi,

Rapino,

Perna

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Besides, licorice‐induced hypokalemia evokes QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. This state totally is called pseudo‐hyperaldosteronism with low concentration of aldosterone and renin in serum (Luyckx, ; Schröder et al ., ; Bisogni et al ., ; Iida et al ., ; Panduranga and Al‐Rawahi, ; Eid et al ., ; Sontia et al ., ; Farese et al ., ; Ishiguchi et al ., ; Chubachi et al ., ; Velickovic‐Radovanovic et al ., ; Daniş et al ., ; Heidemann and Kreuzfelder, ; Saito et al ., ). In one case, carpal tunnel syndrome was reported that has been attributed to the salt and water retention and edema accompanied with licorice consumption (Tacconi et al ., ).…”

Section: Licorice and Glycyrrhizin‐related Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review

Nazari

Rameshrad

Hosseinzadeh

2017

Phytotherapy Research

210

110

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been considered as an herbal drug since ancient time. Nowadays, it is a well-known spice that possesses worth pharmacological effects. However, some relevant articles have revealed negative impacts of licorice in health. By considering the great wishes in using herbal medicine, it is important to show adverse effects of herbal medicine in health. At present, there are misunderstandings toward the safety of herbal medicines. Herein, we gathered scientific research projects on the toxicity effects of licorice and glycyrrhizin to highlight their safety. In this regards, we categorized our findings about the toxicity effects of licorice and glycyrrhizin in acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic, and chronic states. Besides, we discussed on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of licorice and glycyrrhizin as well as their developmental toxicity. This review disclosed that G. glabra and glycyrrhizin salts are moderately toxic. They need to be used with caution during pregnancy. G. glabra and glycyrrhizin possess selective cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells. The most important side effects of licorice and glycyrrhizin are hypertension and hypokalemic-induced secondary disorders. Licorice side effects are increased by hypokalemia, prolonged gastrointestinal transient time, decreased type 2 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities, hypertension, anorexia nervosa, old age, and female sex. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The medical data show that an extensive use of caffeine, ingredients of soft-drinks and energy-increasing supplements can lead to renal damage (1). The consumption of natural sweetener, stevia, can cause severe hypokalaemia and nephrotoxicity (2,3). Forced physical activity during weight-lifting in combination…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Influence of Protein Supplements, Soft Drinks and Extreme Physical Activity on the Development of Acute Renal Failure and Hypokalemia

Djordjevic¹,

Kitić²,

Kostić³

et al. 2015

West Indian Med J

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We present a case of a 33-year-old man who complained of weakness, fever and decreased urination. A personal history revealed a consumption of creatine, protein supplements, soft-drinks containing caffeine and stevia, and extreme physical activity which included lifting of heavy weights. The patient developed anuria, uraemia, fatigue, rhabdomyolysis and paradoxical hypokalaemia. After the patient had seven successive dialysis treatments, normal kidney function was restored. The report presents the first case of acute renal injury followed by hypokalaemia due to the combined action of the excessive consumption of supplements, soft-drinks with stevia and caffeine, and extreme physical activity.

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Acute renal failure after licorice ingestion: A case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Liquorice Toxicity: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Liquorice Toxicity: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review

Joint Influence of Protein Supplements, Soft Drinks and Extreme Physical Activity on the Development of Acute Renal Failure and Hypokalemia

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