This article discusses the main causes of acute appendicitis. We analyzed domestic and foreign literature sources, as well as data from randomized controlled trials on the etiology of acute appendicitis. Acute appendicitis is one of the most widespread urgent surgical pathologies, and complications of this nosology remain at a fairly high level regardless of the development of modern medicine. Despite years of studying acute appendicitis, the problem of its etiology is still debatable. There are different patterns between acute appendicitis and gender differences, as well as age and comorbidities, but it is currently impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of the etiology of acute appendicitis.