Acute Sporadic Hepatitis E in an Egyptian Pediatric Population

El-Zimaity, Dina; Hyams, Kenneth C.; Imam, Israa; Watts, Douglas M.; Bassily, S.; Naffea, E K; Sultan, Yehia; Emara, Khaled; Burans, James P.; Purdy, Michael A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.372

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…[12][13][14] Consistent with those earlier reports, when serological tests for anti-HEV became available, HEV was found to be the etiology of 15% to 40% of cases of acute viral hepatitis. [15][16][17][18] The lack of association of HEV seropositivity with a history of liver disease or viral hepatitis in the two communities described herein is consistent with the absence of outbreaks and suggests most infections occurred early in life and were asymptomatic or caused only mild illness. Such is the case for HAV infection which is so prevalent in Egypt that, in rural areas, infection occurs very early in life, with virtually 100% seroprevalence of anti-HAV after the first years of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

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Abdel‐Hamid²,

Purcell³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

112

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Abstract. A population-based serosurvey in two rural Egyptian communities was used to assess age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV). One community is in the Nile Delta (11,182 inhabitants; 3,997 participants) and the other in Upper Egypt (10,970 inhabitants; 6,029 participants). Samples were tested for anti-HEV with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) based on antigens derived from open reading frame (ORF)2 and ORF3. Although there was a clear difference in sensitivity among the lots of the commercial test used, it was still possible to determine the seroprevalence. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV exceeded 60% in the first decade of life, peaked at 76% in the second decade and remained above 60% until the eighth decade. Prevalence of this magnitude is among the highest reported in the world, with an age-specific pattern more similar to hyperendemic hepatitis A virus transmission than generally described. Lot-to-lot variation in the sensitivity of the commercial ELISA kit highlights a problem when comparing seroepidemiologic studies of different populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

Fix

Abdel‐Hamid²,

Purcell³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This prevalence is relatively low compared with earlier Egyptian studies that demonstrated HDV antibodies in 23.53% (Darwish et al, 1992 andel-Zimaity et al, 1993) and 20% (Saudy et al, 2003) of HBsAg positive subjects. Our results were in agreement with a study conducted by (Njoh and Zimmo, 1998) in Saudi Arabia in which 13.6% of HBV carriers (n = 81) were positive for anti-HDV.…”

Section: Hdv Prevalencecontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Egyptian studies conducted in 1990s demonstrated HDV antibodies in 23.53% in patients with chronic HBV (Darwish et al, 1992 andel-Zimaity et al, 1993). A later study detected anti-HDV in 20% of HBsAg positive subjects (Saudy et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of the Impact of Hepatitis D Virus Infection on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients in Egypt

Ahmed¹,

Sheemy²,

Sedky³

et al. 2016

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defectivevirus thatrequires the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for infection. It has been estimated that approximately 5% of the global hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers are also co-infected with HDV, leading to a total of 10-15 million HDV carriers worldwide. In the current study, we investigated anti-HDV seroprevalance, epidemiological features and effect of HDV on HBV morbidity and presence ofHBe antigen markers among 216 HBsAg seropositive patients recruited from four hospitals in Egypt between October 2009 and October 2011. Anti-HDV assay was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Then, the HDV seropositive patients were further investigated for HBe antigen and antibody, HBV DNA and HBV genotyping.Out of 216 HBsAg positive patients, 32 (14.8%) were anti-HDV positive. This study confirmed a declining trend in the prevalence of HDV infection in Egypt. A suppressive effect of HDV on HBV replication was suggested from the lower rate of detection of HBeAg (3.13%), which is indirectly proportional to viral replication, and the higher rate of detection of HBeAb (75%) in anti-HDV positive patients.

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“…Sporadic hepatitis E occurrences also have been observed in several countries where outbreaks have not been reported, including Egypt, Hong Kong, Senegal, and Turkey (10,12,16,27,29,39). It is well known that sporadic cases of hepatitis E in regions where HEV is not endemic are associated with travel to regions of HEV endemicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of Novel Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Isolates and Determination of the Seroprevalence of HEV in Korea

et al. 2005

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Recently, HEV isolates were subsequently identified in humans and swine in many countries, including Korea. Also, public concerns regarding HEV as a potential zoonotic agent have been increasing. Therefore, we attempted to identify HEV from Korean sera and compare the nucleotide sequences with those of previously identified HEV isolates from other countries. In our study, viral RNA was purified from 568 human sera collected from different regions of Korea. Nested PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were developed based on the nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) of U.S. and Japanese HEV isolates from humans and Korean HEV isolates from swine. After amplification of the HEV ORF 2 gene from 14 serum samples that were collected mainly from rural areas (2.64% prevalence of HEV viremia), the gene was cloned and sequenced. The isolates were classified into seven different strains, all of which belonged to genotype III. The human isolates we identified were closely related to three Korean swine isolates, with 99.2 to 92.9% nucleotide sequence homology. Our isolates were also related to the Japanese and U.S. HEV isolates, with 99.6 to 97.9% amino acid sequence homology. Human sera were collected from 361 individuals from community health centers and medical colleges. With respect to seroprevalence, 11.9% of the Korean population had anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). In individuals ranging in age from 40 to over 60 years, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was demonstrated by a seroprevalence of almost 15%, especially among populations in rural areas. This is the first report on the identification of human HEV in Korea. Overall, this study demonstrates that subclinical HEV infections may prevail in human populations in Korea and that there is a strong possibility that HEV is a zoonotic agent.

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Acute Sporadic Hepatitis E in an Egyptian Pediatric Population

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

Study of the Impact of Hepatitis D Virus Infection on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients in Egypt

Identification of Novel Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Isolates and Determination of the Seroprevalence of HEV in Korea

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