Acute toxicity and biodegradability of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl-DABCO based ionic liquids

Pretti, Carlo; Renzi, Monia; Focardi, Silvano; Giovani, Andrea; Monni, Gianfranca; Melai, Bernardo; Rajamani, Sunita; Chiappe, Cinzia

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.032

Cited by 73 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Imidazolium ILs disubstituted at C4,5 (82,83,(86)(87)(88)92), Fig. Low biodegradation (5-10%) for the C4 substituted analogues (84,85), Fig. Low biodegradation (5-10%) for the C4 substituted analogues (84,85), Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biodegradation of ionic liquids – a critical review

2015

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The importance of biodegradation data as part of the design of safer chemicals is presented using ionic liquids (ILs) as a model study. Structural features that promote/impede IL biodegradation, IL design strategies, methods of biodegradation analysis, properties of IL/surfactant derivatives and computational methods of predicting biodegradation are discussed. The importance of metabolite studies as part of biodegradation assays is highlighted. The relevance of applying the lessons learned developing biodegradable ILs to other chemical classes is proposed. A comprehensive appendix of IL biodegradation data published since 2010 (∼300 ILs) has been compiled.

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…68 4 N-position, Fig. 85 Furthermore, addition of primary ethyl alcohol to the morpholinium headgroup, compound (130), gave very poor biodegradation results (OECD 301F). The shortest alkyl chain morpholinium IL prepared by Pretti et al (125) displayed biodegradation (ISO 14593) of 30% after 28 days.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of ionic liquids – a critical review

2015

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“…MacFarlane et al [164] have given a specification of cations and anions involved in ionic liquids according to their basicity and acidity. The ionic liquids bearing short alkyl chains have been shown to have low toxicity to Vibrio fischeri [166] and used to catalyse Knoevenagel reactions [167] and facial synthesis of xanthenes derivatives [168] with high catalytic activity and reusability. The ionic liquids bearing short alkyl chains have been shown to have low toxicity to Vibrio fischeri [166] and used to catalyse Knoevenagel reactions [167] and facial synthesis of xanthenes derivatives [168] with high catalytic activity and reusability.…”

Section: The Reactions Catalyzed By Basic Functionalized Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Wang

Zhu

2015

Sustainable Catalytic Processes

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“…The potential phytotoxicity of ionic liquids not only depends on the quantity and quality of soil colloids, but it can also be determined by the amount of a ionic liquid in the substrate and the genetic features of species or varieties [8,15,21,37,39]. At present, phytotoxicity tests are widely used in the biomonitoring of the quality of agriculturally utilized sewage sludges [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], residues of PAHs and pesticides [50,[56][57][58][59], or the heavy metal contents of soil [58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Biczak

Bałczewski

Pawłowska

et al. 2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and nonflammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants -spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC -the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC -the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects -were also determined.

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Acute toxicity and biodegradability of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl-DABCO based ionic liquids

Cited by 73 publications

References 32 publications

Biodegradation of ionic liquids – a critical review

Biodegradation of ionic liquids – a critical review

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

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