Acyclic Diterpene Phytol from Hemp Seed Oil (Cannabis sativa L.) Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity on Primary Human Monocytes-Macrophages

Abstract

Seeds from non-drug varieties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) have been used for traditional medicine, food, and fiber production. Our study shows that phytol obtained from hemp seed oil (HSO) exerts anti-inflammatory activity in human monocyte-macrophages. Fresh human monocytes and human macrophages derived from circulating monocytes were used to evaluate both plasticity and anti-inflammatory effects of phytol from HSO at 10–100 mM using FACS analysis, ELISA, and RT-qPCR methods. The quantitative study of the acyclic alcohol fraction isolated from HSO shows that phytol is the most abundant component (167.59 ± 1.81 mg/Kg of HSO). Phytol was able to skew monocyte-macrophage plasticity toward the anti-inflammatory non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocyte phenotype and toward macrophage M2 (CD200Rhigh and MRC-1high), as well as to reduce the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, diminishing the inflammatory competence of mature human macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. These findings point out for the first time the reprogramming and anti-inflammatory activity of phytol in human monocyte-macrophages. In addition, our study may help to understand the mechanisms by which phytol from HSO contributes to the constant and progressive plasticity of the human monocyte-macrophage linage.

Essential Oil of Cestrum diurnum L.: GC/MS Analysis, in Vitro and in Silico Anti‐HCoV‐229E Effects and Inhibitory Activity against LPS‐Induced Inflammation

“…Administration of a 100 mg/kg of phytol in association with sodium diclofenac can reduce paw edema in a better way than NSAID‐sole treatment via inhibition of COX‐1 and IL‐1 [49] . Phytol has the ability to skew the plasticity of monocytes towards non‐classical type and plays a role in tissue repair [50] . Therefore, the prominent anti‐inflammatory effect of C. diurnum L. EO may be partly attributed to its high content of PYT.…”

“…[49] Phytol has the ability to skew the plasticity of monocytes towards non-classical type and plays a role in tissue repair. [50] Therefore, the prominent antiinflammatory effect of C. diurnum L. EO may be partly attributed to its high content of PYT. Also, this high content of PYT is promising to investigate other biological activities for C. diurnum L. EO.…”

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Terpenoids from Indocalamus latifolius Leaves: Optimization, Purification, and Antioxidant Activity

“…Using crude extracts from SC-CO 2 as raw materials, the method referred to in references [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] was employed for the isolation and purification with adjustments. The steps were as follows: (1) The crude extract was dissolved in n-hexane at a mass/volume ratio of 1:10.…”

Beneficial Effects of Plant Oils Supplementation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies

“…Hemp seed oil has been used to treat various disorders for many years in traditional medicine. Several researchers have studied the health-benefit effects of HSO, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [83,84]. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is obtained from the evening primrose seed plant, with the scientific name of Oenothera biennis, which belongs to the family of panacea plants.…”