Adaptation of MAC Layer for QoS in WSN

The Scientific World Journal

Hao

et al. 2013

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that collect, exchange, manage information, and coordinate actions are an integral part of the Smart Grid. In addition, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in CPS, especially in the wireless sensor/actuator networks, plays an essential role in Smart Grid applications. IEEE 802.15.4, which is one of the most widely used communication protocols in this area, still needs to be improved to meet multiple QoS requirements. This is because IEEE 802.15.4 slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) employs static parameter configuration without supporting differentiated services and network self-adaptivity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a priority-based Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA (SDA-CSMA/CA) algorithm to provide differentiated QoS for various Smart Grid applications as well as dynamically initialize backoff exponent according to traffic conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SDA-CSMA/CA scheme significantly outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA in terms of effective data rate, packet loss rate, and average delay.

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA over IEEE 802.15.4 for Cyber‐Physical Systems

The Scientific World Journal

Hao

et al. 2013

“…All of the above requirements make the original MAC design of IEEE 802.15.4 inadequate to achieve network efficiency. Providing QoS support in WSNs for improving their timeliness and adaptivity performance under severe energy constraints has attracted tremendous research works [10][11][12] recently. Lots of adaptive and real-time protocols based on IEEE 802.15.4 have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Adaptive and Real-Time Protocols Based on IEEE 802.15.4

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

Hao

Cao

et al. 2011

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a protocol that has been widely used in many applications exploiting wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, it does not provide any means of differentiated services to improve the quality of service (QoS) for time-critical and delay-sensitive events. Furthermore, adaptive throughput performance for individual nodes cannot be supported with the current specifications. In this survey paper, we first discuss the negative aspects of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC in contention access period, contention-free period, and the overall cross-period, respectively, in terms of adaptive and real-time guarantees. We then give an overview on some interesting mechanisms used in existing adaptive and real-time protocols in compliance with IEEE 802.15.4. Careful examination of such research works reveals that by optimizing the original specifications and dynamically adjusting the protocol parameters, the total network efficiency can be significantly improved. Nevertheless, there are still certain challenges to overcome in pursuing the most appropriate protocol without introducing any unacceptable side effects.

“…In order to achieve guaranteed QoS for different applications of CPS, many researchers have been attracted to address timeliness, adaptivity, and flexibility to improve the performance and to prolong the life-span of CPS applications [10][11][12]. Based on IEEE 802.15.4, lots of protocols have been proposed so far to accommodate the requirement of each node to perform real-time computations and to send high-quality data with guaranteed QoS [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive MAC Protocols

MAC Protocols for Cyber-Physical Systems

Rahim

2015

WSANs provide the infrastructure for many applications of CPS. Lots of these applications use the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. However, it does not provide any means of differentiated services to improve QoS for time-critical and delay-sensitive events. A large amount of efforts have been made to address such issues. In this chapter, an overview on some interesting mechanisms used in existing adaptive and real-time protocols in compliance with IEEE 802.15.4 is presented. Careful examination of these research works reveals that by optimizing the original specifications and dynamically adjusting the protocol parameters, the total network efficiency can be significantly improved. Nevertheless, there are still certain challenges to overcome in pursuing the most appropriate protocol without introducing unacceptable side-effects. These standards have greatly encouraged to bridge the real-time physical world's applications/objects to cyber world for diverse range of time-critical applications. The communication and computing capabilities of cyber core are utilized to control/monitor real world's objects/applications. KeywordsThe performance of CPS depends upon QoS of the underlying network. In practice, applications' requirements vary in different environments. For example, in case of environmental surveillance, alarm packet should be prioritized as compared to normal data readings. In WBANs, life critical physiological readings should be delivered on time to the health services provider. However, IEEE 802.15.4 does not have such