Adaptation of selected diagnostic techniques to magnetic confinement fusion experiments

Sadowski, M.; Jakubowski, L.; Szydlowski, A.

doi:10.1007/bf03166383

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3). These craters are sufficiently regular in shapes to be scanned automatically [7]. These diagrams (Figs 4 and 5) reveal the similar tendency of track diameter evolution, which was observed in our earlier calibration studies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…These diagrams (Figs 4 and 5) reveal the similar tendency of track diameter evolution, which was observed in our earlier calibration studies. Some explanation of thesecharacteristic features of the calibration diagrams has been given in our previous papers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The calibration characteristics, which are determined in this paper for the sulfur and argon ions, complete the calibration data obtained in our earlier papers for lighter ions and they extend our studies to the region of ion energy of dozen or so MeV.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…continuous and interrupted etching procedures, temperature resistance of tracks,automatic track-scanning system, influence of electron and gamma radiation on crater dimension, etc. [7]. We have also investigated the so-called aging effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration and application of Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors in spectroscopy of heavier ions of energy in a few MeV/amu range

et al. 2004

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The evolutions of the track diameters in the PM-355 Solid Stated Nuclear Track Detector irradiated with normal incident of S and Ar ions of energy within a few MeV/amu range are reported. Also a comparison of the calibration diagrams as obtained for 4 He projectiles and different etching times of PM-355 detectors etched a few days and ten years after their the irradiations, is presented too. : 52.25.Vy, 52.50.Gj, 52.55.Fa PACS

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

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Calibration and application of Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors in spectroscopy of heavier ions of energy in a few MeV/amu range

et al. 2004

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“…During recent years a modern electron diagnostic technique, which was based on use of the Cherenkov effect, has been developed [11]. This technique has made it possible to perform direct observations of fast electron streams, with an excellent spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Studies Of Fast Ripple-born and Runaway Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into account that tokamak discharges can last relatively long time, several years ago [11] the author proposed to apply a pinhole camera with a rotating drum and several NTD samples, which might be exposed during a single discharge and etched after the experiment in order to get information about changes of the ion emission. Later on, for more accurate mass-and energy-analysis of ions it was also proposed to apply a miniature Thomson-type analyser with an appropriate magnetic shielding, which might be introduced into the SOL region.…”

Section: Studies Of Charged Fusion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected methods of electron-and ion-diagnostics in tokamak scrape-off-layer

Sadowski

2015

Nukleonika

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Abstract. This invited paper considers reasons why exact measurements of fast electron and ion losses in tokamaks, and particularly i n a scrape-off-layer and near a divertor region, are necessary in order to master nuclear fusion energy production. Attention is also paid to direct measurements of escaping fusion products from D-D and D-T reactions, and in particular of fast alphas which might be used for plasma heating. The second part describes the generation of so-called runaway and ripple-born electrons which might induce high energy losses and cause severe damages of internal walls in fusion facilities. Advantages and disadvantages of different diagnostic methods applied for studies of such fast electrons are discussed. Particular attention is paid to development of a direct measuring technique based on the Cherenkov effect which might be induced by fast electrons in appropriate radiators. There are presented various versions of Cherenkov-type probes which have been developed by the NCBJ team and applied in different tokamak experiments. The third part is devoted to direct measurements of fast ions (including those produced by the nuclear fusion reactions) which can escape from a high-temperature plasma region. Investigation of fast fusion-produced protons from tokamak discharges is reported. New ion probes, which were developed by the NCBJ team, are also presented. For the fi rst time there is given a detailed description of an ion pinhole camera, which enables irradiation of several nuclear track detectors during a single tokamak discharge, and a miniature Thomson-type mass-spectrometer, which can be used for ion measurements at plasma borders.

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Correlation of Electron Beams and Hard X‐ray Emissions in ISTTOK Tokamak

Jakubowski

Plyusnin

Malinowski

et al. 2013

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The paper reports on experimental studies of electron beams in the ISTTOK tokamak, those were performed by means of an improved four-channel detector. The Cherenkov-type detector measuring head was equipped with four radiators made of two types of alumina-nitrate (AlN) poly-crystals: machinable and translucent ones, both of 10 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness. The movable support that enabled the whole detectors to be placed inside the tokamak vacuum chamber, at chosen positions along the ISTTOK minor radius. Since the electron energy distribution is one of the most important characteristics of tokamak plasmas, the main aim of the study was to perform estimations of an energy spectrum of the recorded electrons. For this purpose the radiators were coated with molybdenum (Mo) layers of different thickness. The technique based on the use of Cherenkov-type detectors enabled the detection of fast electrons (of energy above 66 keV) and determination of their spatial and temporal characteristics in the ISTTOK experiment. Measurements of hard X-rays (HXR), which were emitted during ISTTOK discharges, have also been performed. Particular attention was paid to the correlation measurements of HXR pulses with run-away electron beams.

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Adaptation of selected diagnostic techniques to magnetic confinement fusion experiments

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Calibration and application of Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors in spectroscopy of heavier ions of energy in a few MeV/amu range

Calibration and application of Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors in spectroscopy of heavier ions of energy in a few MeV/amu range

Selected methods of electron-and ion-diagnostics in tokamak scrape-off-layer

Correlation of Electron Beams and Hard X‐ray Emissions in ISTTOK Tokamak

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