Adaptation of the Rist Operating Diagram as a Graphical Tool for the Direct Reduction Shaft

Quatravaux, Thibault; Barros, José da Silva; Gardin, Pascal; Lucena, Gabriel

doi:10.3390/met11121953

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Rist operating diagram (upper part of Figure 19) is used to evaluate the thermodynamic characteristics of a SF process. 128 It is combined with the thermodynamic equilibrium (called the Chaudron diagram) 129 of each reduction process (lower part in Figure 19) to obtain the thermodynamic boundary, i.e., the thermodynamically impossible region, based on the M-and Wpoints. The x-axes of these two points are determined from the lower Chaudron diagram according to the operating temperature.…”

Section: Rist Operating Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Modeling and Simulation of Shaft Furnace Hydrogen Metallurgy: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

Fei,

Guan,

Kuang

et al. 2023

ACS Eng. Au

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Hydrogen-based shaft furnace technology holds promise for low-carbon hydrogen metallurgy. Since hydrogen-assisted iron ore reduction is highly endothermic, inadequate heat supply relevant to the contact of gas and densely packed ores may reduce the rate and efficiency of reductions. The key to addressing this issue lies in understanding the competition among heat supply, heat transfer, and heat loss driven by the gas flow around ores and reactions within them. Modeling and simulation are crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms and promoting process scale-up and intensification. This review summarizes previous efforts in physical modeling and model applications for improving the reduction performance. The discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)− DEM models have been used for particle-scale simulation to investigate inhomogeneous particle descent and relevant particle−particle interactions. For macroscale simulations, steady-state simplified models such as plug flow and REDUCTOR, as well as the Eulerian two-phase model, have been developed by considering heat and mass transfer. Based on these model applications, strategies including the optimization of operating conditions and gasfeeding methods have been proposed to improve the furnace performance. Further numerical efforts are needed to analyze the infurnace heat evolution and reduction and reveal the competitiveness of flow, transport, and reaction by incorporating multiscale physics in shaft furnaces. Additionally, attention could be paid to the effects of particle sticking and degradation on reduction, which may be more serious when the proportion of lump ores increases. When evaluating relative optimization strategies, comprehensive comparisons are expected in terms of iron ore reduction degree, gas utilization rate, energy consumption, and economic feasibility under various reducing and cooling gas operating conditions and furnace profiles to offer practical guidelines for industrial design and intensification.

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Section: Rist Operating Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Modeling and Simulation of Shaft Furnace Hydrogen Metallurgy: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

Fei,

Guan,

Kuang

et al. 2023

ACS Eng. Au

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“…This value, x W , is the oxidation degree of the so-called "Wustite Point" in the Rist diagram. Quatravaux et al [23] provided the methodology for calculating x W according to the Chaudron diagram:…”

Section: Thermodynamics Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then derive the corresponding oxidation degree for the mass balance diagram according to the approach presented by Quatravaux et al [23], based on the following relationships:…”

Section: Thermodynamics Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quatravaux et al [23] (2021) have recently successfully adapted the Rist operating diagram to direct reduction shaft processes, specifically for the Midrex NG TM process. They have shown that this type of approach remains relevant among the many tools currently available for process study, complementing the various numerical solutions, whether via 1D coupled reactor models provided by Parisi and Laborde [24] (2004) or Shams and Moazeni [25] (2015), as well as simulations of coupled phenomena computed by the finite volume method developed by Hamadeh et al [26] (2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Graphical Tool to Describe the Operating Point of Direct Reduction Shaft Processes

Quatravaux

2023

Metals

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This article presents a new graphical tool for direct reduction shaft processes inspired by the Rist diagram developed for blast furnaces. The tool represents gas flows using vectors, with specific consumption and specific oxidation as components to indicate gas/iron ratios. Key features include consideration of gas chemical composition for vector directions, easy visual representation of gas mixtures, as well as reduction and carburization rates of direct reduced iron (DRI). The tool also includes thermodynamic conditions for reduction from the Chaudron diagram, analogous to the Rist diagram. Several practical applications are presented, including quantifying gas moisture, evaluating the measurement consistency of flowmeters and gas analyzers in top gas recycling, and evaluating instantaneous DRI production by analyzing reducing gas at the inlet and outlet of the shaft. This graphical tool could be useful for production teams to monitor and optimize process flows and promote understanding among students, engineers, technicians, and operators. Its potential for online use further enhances its practical value. As a result, the tool is of significant academic and industrial interest in improving process efficiency and optimization.

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“…Three articles explore the reduction processes in ironmaking. Quatravaux et al [3] investigated the Midrex NGTM process and adapted a blast furnace operating diagram to describe the direct reduction of iron oxide in the Midrex shaft furnace. The authors employed the developed graphical tool for a sensitivity study of the reduction in the shaft furnace.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes in Ironmaking and Steelmaking

Echterhof

Ohno

Visuri

2022

Metals

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Adaptation of the Rist Operating Diagram as a Graphical Tool for the Direct Reduction Shaft

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

A Review on the Modeling and Simulation of Shaft Furnace Hydrogen Metallurgy: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

A Review on the Modeling and Simulation of Shaft Furnace Hydrogen Metallurgy: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

A Graphical Tool to Describe the Operating Point of Direct Reduction Shaft Processes

Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes in Ironmaking and Steelmaking

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