Adaptation to climate change in Indonesia - livelihood strategies of rural households in the face of ENSO related droughts

Binternagel, Norbert B.; Juhrbandt, Jana; Koch, Sebastian; Purnomo, Mangku; Schwarze, Stefan; Barkmann, Jan; Faust, Heiko

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00493-3_16

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In Sulawesi, shade trees and shade tree planting are used to protect cacao systems against droughts and increase resilience (Binternagel et al. 2010).…”

Section: Benefits Of Shade Trees Within Cacao Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review

Tscharntke

Clough

Bhagwat

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

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624

506

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Summary1. Agricultural intensification reduces ecological resilience of land-use systems, whereas paradoxically, environmental change and climate extremes require a higher response capacity than ever. Adaptation strategies to environmental change include maintenance of shade trees in tropical agroforestry, but conversion of shaded to unshaded systems is common practice to increase short-term yield. 2. In this paper, we review the short-term and long-term ecological benefits of shade trees in coffee Coffea arabica, C. canephora and cacao Theobroma cacao agroforestry and emphasize the poorly understood, multifunctional role of shade trees for farmers and conservation alike. 3. Both coffee and cacao are tropical understorey plants. Shade trees in agroforestry enhance functional biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil fertility, drought resistance as well as weed and biological pest control. However, shade is needed for young cacao trees only and is less important in older cacao plantations. This changing response to shade regime with cacao plantation age often results in a transient role for shade and associated biodiversity in agroforestry. 4. Abandonment of old, unshaded cacao in favour of planting young cacao in new, thinned forest sites can be named 'short-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle', which counteracts tropical forest conservation. In a 'long-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle', cacao boom can be followed by cacao bust due to unmanageable pest and pathogen levels (e.g. in Brazil and Malaysia). Higher pest densities can result from physiological stress in unshaded cacao and from the larger cacao area planted. Risk-averse farmers avoid long-term vulnerability of their agroforestry systems by keeping shade as an insurance against insect pest outbreaks, whereas yield-maximizing farmers reduce shade and aim at short-term monetary benefits. 5. Synthesis and applications. Sustainable agroforestry management needs to conserve or create a diverse layer of multi-purpose shade trees that can be pruned rather than removed when crops mature. Incentives from payment-for-ecosystem services and certification schemes encourage farmers to keep high to medium shade tree cover. Reducing pesticide spraying protects functional *Correspondence author. E-mail: ttschar@gwdg.de 2011, 48, 619-629 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x Ó 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology Ó 2011 British Ecological Society agrobiodiversity such as antagonists of pests and diseases, pollinating midges determining cacao yields and pollinating bees enhancing coffee yield. In a landscape perspective, natural forest alongside agroforestry allows noncrop-crop spillover of a diversity of functionally important organisms. Knowledge transfer between farmers, agronomists and ecologists in a participatory approach helps to encourage a shade management regime that balances economic and ecological needs and provides a 'diversified food-and-cash crop' livelihood strategy. Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…In Sulawesi, shade trees and shade tree planting are used to protect cacao systems against droughts and increase resilience (Binternagel et al. 2010).…”

Section: Benefits Of Shade Trees Within Cacao Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review

Tscharntke

Clough

Bhagwat

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

Self Cite

624

506

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Of the remaining documents, some were theoretical discussions and some used secondary data . Many documents described ways in which local people forecast weather, focused on adaptation and coping strategies, or management practices but did not report local indicators of climate change. It is noteworthy that the subset of documents actually containing primary data on local indicators of climate change has grown in parallel with the overall pool of articles initially retrieved in our search (Figure ).…”

Section: The Development Of Research On Local Indicators Of Climate Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local indicators of climate change: the potential contribution of local knowledge to climate research

Reyes‐García

Fernández‐Llamazares

Guèze

et al. 2015

WIREs Climate Change

159

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Local knowledge has been proposed as a place-based tool to ground-truth climate models and to narrow their geographic sensitivity. To assess the potential role of local knowledge in our quest to understand better climate change and its impacts, we first need to critically review the strengths and weaknesses of local knowledge of climate change and the potential complementarity with scientific knowledge. With this aim, we conducted a systematic, quantitative meta-analysis of published peer-reviewed documents reporting local indicators of climate change (including both local observations of climate change and observed impacts on the biophysical and the social systems). Overall, primary data on the topic are not abundant, the methodological development is incipient, and the geographical extent is unbalanced. On the 98 case studies documented, we * Victoria.reyes@uab.cat.The authors declare they do not have any conflict of interest. Europe PMC Funders Group

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“…The capacity to deal with natural hazards can be usefully understood through livelihood strategies (Chambers and Conway 1992;Scoones 1998;Ellis 1999;Mula 1999;Sanderson 2000;Twigg 2001;Cannon et al 2003;Gaillard and Le Masson 2007;Coulthard 2008;Binternagel et al 2010). Scoones (1998), for example, identifies three important livelihood strategies: agricultural intensification/extensification, livelihood diversification, and migration.…”

Section: Capacities Of Small Island Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

Rampengan

Boedhihartono

Law

et al. 2014

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Isolated communities on small islands are often characterized as vulnerable and marginalized. We studied the recent history of Laingpatehi, a village on Ruang Island off the north coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia to show that the marginalization-vulnerability nexus can be offset by capacity and social cohesion to enable sustainable livelihoods. The island has been impacted by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and competition for marine resources from mainland-based fishermen. The community has shown a remarkable ability to cope and prosper in the face of a series of external hazards. We used a sustainable livelihoods approach to identify the assets that enabled the villagers to cope. Strong social cohesion was central to the ability to organize the community and confront hazards. A diversified livelihood strategy drawing on the small island environment and its coastal and marine resources, income generating activities in a distant satellite village, and significant remittances from employment in other parts of Indonesia underpinned people's capacities to face hazards. Government assistance played a supporting role. The case of Laingpatehi demonstrates how remoteness, rather than being a source of vulnerability, can provide access to existing resources and facilitate innovation. Disaster risk reduction strategies should focus more on reinforcing these existing capacities to deal with hazards and less on physical protection and postdisaster responses.

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Adaptation to climate change in Indonesia - livelihood strategies of rural households in the face of ENSO related droughts

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review

Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review

Local indicators of climate change: the potential contribution of local knowledge to climate research

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

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