Adaptation, Validation and Translation of the Women Personal Empowerment Scale

Abstract

Pakistan ranks third in the list of the most hazardous countries for woman's survival. In this study, by using the quantitative approach, the scale adaptation process was conducted in three phases as integration of instruments, generation of items, and generalization of expert reviews. Back-to-Back translation on 40 women was done to determine the understanding of the Urdu language of personal empowerment scale. Sequentially, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on the data collected from 360 respondents for the Construct Validity Method (CVM) on personal empowerment Scale-Urdu Version. The results confirmed the validity of the scale. Cross-language validity was also determined. The empirical findings also indicated that women's personal empowerment plays a significant role in improving their quality of life. Theorists and practitioners need to pay more attention to the generalization of the personal empower scale.

Sustainable Development and Women’s Personal Empowerment for Becoming Socially Inclusive: A Study from the Informal Sector in Lahore, Pakistan

“…The questionnaire (Appendix A) and the measurement scales were adapted from the work of various researchers (Fayyaz et al, 2020;Pitt et al, 2006;Shepherd et al, 2009;Wilson & Secker, 2015). The questionnaire consisted of closed-ended questions measured using a 3-point Likert scale, and comprised of two sections: Section 1 contained questions based on the population's demographic characteristics, such as the women entrepreneur's age and education, family size, marital status, and annual income.…”