Adapting plant material to face water stress in vineyards: which physiological targets for an optimal control of plant water status?

Abstract

<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims:</strong> Water scarcity, associated with climate change, is a particular threat to the sustainability of viticulture in present areas of cultivation, usually prone to drought. Breeding grapevine for reduced water use, better water extraction and maintained production (i.e., high water use efficiency) is therefore of major interest.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the physiological impacts of drought on yield and quality. Attention should be paid to those mechanisms involved in the regulation of water status in plant tissues, as it is the primary parameter affected by drought. Transpiration rate, which has a major influence on plant water status, should therefore receive special attention in breeding programs. Beyond scions, the role of rootstocks, which have been largely introduced in vineyards, should be investigated further as it determines water extraction capacity and could modify water balance in grafted plants.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Here we review recent advances in the characterization of genetic variability in the control of water use and water status, whether induced by rootstock or scion.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study: </strong>This review should help scientists in choosing the relevant physiological targets in their research on grapevine tolerance to drought, whether for breeding prospects or new management practices.</p>

Strategies in vineyard establishment to face global warming in viticulture: a mini review

“…[81][82][83] Some rootstocks induce earlier phenology and ripening, whereas others induce a longer cycle. 81,84 Rootstocks have a slight influence on phenology, and it is estimated that, between the latest and the earliest ones, there may be a delay of ripening of between 2 and 6 days. 26,85 However, precise data about this effect are scarce in the scientific literature, and most of them are related to the edaphoclimatic planting conditions.…”

“…Rootstocks may influence the grafted scion phenology, and drought‐tolerant rootstocks are expected to enable the scion to grow and yield when water supply is limited 81–83 . Some rootstocks induce earlier phenology and ripening, whereas others induce a longer cycle 81,84 . Rootstocks have a slight influence on phenology, and it is estimated that, between the latest and the earliest ones, there may be a delay of ripening of between 2 and 6 days 26,85 .…”

State-of-the-art of tools and methods to assess vine water status

“…It is also highly dependent on the microclimatic environment of each particular leaf (Jones, 2004). Moreover, vines might have an an-or isohydric behavior, and limit variations in water potential of their leaves by stomatal regulation, which is currently debated and more discussed in (Scholasch and Rienth, 2019) (Charrier et al, 2016;Schultz, 2003;Simonneau et al, 2017). This makes the interpretation of leaf water potential as an indicator of irrigation need often unsatisfactory.…”

Molecular Tools for Adapting Viticulture to Climate Change

“…The stomatal aperture is under the control of ABA, which is mainly synthesized by the roots in response to drought. ABA could also partly control the hydraulic conductance of the leaves ( Simonneau et al, 2017 ). The genes responsible for the genetic variations of these traits are not yet precisely identified but the information provided by molecular markers is increasingly affordable.…”