Adaptive and integrated culture production systems for the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

Juinio‐Meñez, Marie Antonette; Tech, E.; Ticao, Isidora; Gorospe, Jay R; Edullantes, Christine Mae A.; Rioja, Rose Angeli V

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2016.07.017

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may be due to the lower seawater temperature (27.6 ± 1.2°C) during the rearing period in the present study compared to that in Palawan (29.38 ± 0.53°C). Average growth rates in the present study were also comparable with the juveniles reared in floating hapas (0.02 g day −1 ) in various sites in the Philippines (Juinio‐Meñez, de Peralta, et al., 2012a, ) and those in hapas or bag nets in marine ponds (0.02 g day −1 ) in Vietnam (Pitt & Duy, ), the Philippines (Juinio‐Meñez, de Peralta, et al., 2012a) and in New Caledonia (Purcell & Agudo, ). Similarly, growth rates with respect to body length at D60 and T100 density were comparable to the newly settled juveniles (0.02 ± 0.001 cm day −1 ) reared in tanks (Battaglene et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This is equivalent to an average of 0.02 ± 0 g day −1 or an average weight of 0.6 g after 30 days. In comparison, bottom‐set tray culture reported in Palawan, Philippines (Juinio‐Meñez et al., ) showed an average growth rate of 0.04 g day −1 (1.2 g after 30 days). This may be due to the lower seawater temperature (27.6 ± 1.2°C) during the rearing period in the present study compared to that in Palawan (29.38 ± 0.53°C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The growth rates of early juveniles in different nursery systems and rearing conditions varied widely (Juinio‐Meñez et al., ). The average growth rate of the juveniles reared at T100 in bottom‐set trays was 0.04 ± 0 cm day −1 at D30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The culture of high‐value tropical sea cucumbers, such as sandfish Holothuria scabra (Agudo, ; James, ), golden sandfish Holothuria lessoni (Ivy & Giraspy, ), white teatfish Holothuria fuscogilva (Friedman & Tekanene, ) and Isostichopus fuscus (Mercier, Hidalgo & Hamel, ), is being undertaken in several countries at different scales (Purcell, Hair & Mills, ). Among these species, the culture of H. scabra is the most advanced, and hatchery‐produced juveniles are used in the stock enhancement and sea ranching initiatives in the Indo‐West Pacific Region (Eriksson, Robinson, Slater & Troell, ; Hair, Mills, McIntyre & Southgate, ; Juinio‐Meñez, Paña, et al., ; Juinio‐Meñez et al., ; Purcell et al., ). Scaling up the production of juveniles in the hatchery is constrained by space and high investment and operational costs until they reach the recommended release size of ~3 g (Purcell & Simutoga, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, production of juveniles is primarily carried out in an ocean nursery system with floating hapas (fine mesh enclosure) which are relatively more practical than producing sandfish juveniles both in the hatchery and marine ponds. Moreover, ocean‐based culture systems are more accessible and adaptable to small‐scale fishers and thus, strategic in scaling up production of sandfish in coastal communities (Juinio‐Meñez et al., ). However, the use of floating hapas is limited by its vulnerability to rough sea conditions, and exposure to sea surface salinity and temperature fluctuations during rainy and/or typhoon seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability of a bottom-set tray ocean nursery system for Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833

2017

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Scaling up the hatchery production of juvenile sandfish Holothuria scabra is constrained by limited hatchery space and the associated high operational costs. To shorten the hatchery rearing phase, ocean nursery systems like floating hapa nets have been used with good prospects but with limitations during rough sea conditions. In this study, the potential of bottom‐set trays (0.14 m2) as an alternative ocean nursery system for early sandfish juveniles (0.5 ± 0.1 cm) was evaluated. The effects of stocking density and presence of artificial substrates (AS) on the growth and survival were determined in a 60‐day field experiment. Average length and growth rates at lower stocking density treatment (100 individuals tray−1) were significantly higher (1.45 ± 0.22 cm; 0.03 ± 0.01 cm day−1) than at higher stocking density treatments (400 and 500 individuals tray−1) 0.95 ± 0.06 cm; 0.03 ± 0.004 cm day−1) with or without AS (p < .05) respectively. The coefficient of variation in length (CV) at high stocking densities were significantly higher than at low densities (p < .05) and growth rate was strongly negatively correlated with density. Survival was significantly higher (55% ± 9%) in trays with AS across all stocking density treatments than in trays without AS (34% ± 2%). Results suggest that AS may have reduced intra‐ and interspecific interactions, resulting to significantly lower growth variations and higher survival. The bottom‐set tray with AS can be a practical alternative ocean nursery unit for rearing early sandfish juveniles particularly when the sea surface condition is rough. With improved design and density management, survival and growth may be further enhanced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability of a bottom-set tray ocean nursery system for Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833

2017

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Census of potential predators and competitors of sandfish, Holothuria scabra, juveniles during floating hapa ocean nursery culture

Gorospe

Rescordado²,

Juinio‐Meñez

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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Predation and competition are among the most important factors affecting sandfish, Holothuria scabra, growth and survival in ocean‐based production systems. In this study, the potential predators and competitors of sandfish juveniles reared at two sites in the Philippines using the floating hapa ocean nursery system were assessed. A total of 26 species of potential predators and competitors from 16 different families of fishes, molluscs and crustaceans were recorded. These taxa were dominated by the opisthobranch Stylocheilus striatus at Bolinao (north–west Luzon) and the isopod Cymodoce sp. at Maliwaliw (eastern Visayas). Highest number of potential predators and competitors that recruited and/or migrated to the inside of floating hapa nets was recorded on day 23 at Bolinao and day 30 at Maliwaliw, then decreased over the 69‐day duration of the study. Mean length, absolute growth rates (AGRs) and survival of sandfish juveniles reared in floating hapas at the two sites varied during the study. AGRs were highest at 1.17 ± 0.06 mm day−1 at Bolinao, and 1 ± 0.08 mm day−1 at Maliwaliw, by days 23 and 60, respectively. Mean lengths of sandfish juveniles reared at Bolinao and Maliwaliw by the end of the study were 46.7 ± 0.15 and 58.8 ± 2.4 mm, respectively, and survival at both sites was high at 96% by the end of the study. Negative correlations were observed between the number of individual predators and competitors, and survival and growth rates of sandfish juveniles reared at Bolinao and Maliwaliw, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of predator and competitor management measures and appropriate site selection to optimize growth performance and survival of sandfish juveniles reared in ocean‐based culture production systems.

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Effects of Cleaning Interval, Hapa Layers and Stocking Density on Growth Performance of Sandfish Holothuria scabra Juveniles in Ocean‐Based Nursery Production Systems

Gacura,

Gorospe,

Rescordado

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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The mass production of release‐size H. scabra juveniles in the Philippines is primarily done in a floating hapa ocean‐based nursery systems. To optimize its production, understanding the influence of different culture conditions and their management is necessary. In this study, the effects of hapa net cleaning interval, hapa layers, and stocking density on growth and survival of sandfish juveniles reared in floating hapa (L × W × H: 1.7 m × 0.9 m × 1.2 m) nursery system were assessed in two 60‐day field studies. Results showed that the number of hapa net layers and cleaning interval had negligible effects on the growth performance of sandfish juveniles by day 30. However, sandfish juvenile survival was affected by hapa net layers with higher survival in triple‐layer mosquito net hapas (40.5 ± 0.97%) compared to double‐layer mosquito net hapas (17.8 ± 0.62%). By day 60, the growth performance of sandfish juveniles in double‐layer hapas was higher (average weight: 5.0 ± 0.97 g; AGR: 0.13 ± 0.03 g day−1) compared to that in triple‐layer mosquito hapa nets (average weight: 3.1 ± 0.23 g; AGR: 0.07 ± 0.01 g day−1). Survival of sandfish juveniles reared in double‐layer mosquito net hapas, cleaned at 5‐day intervals (85.9 ± 4.58%) was significantly lower compared to all other treatments. Conversely, initial juvenile stocking density did not significantly affect the growth performance and survival of sandfish juveniles in both rearing cycles. We therefore recommend the use of triple‐layer mosquito net hapas during the first 30‐day culture period and an initial stocking density of 1000 post‐settled sandfish juveniles to increase production output. After 30 days, when the juveniles are larger, the use of double‐layer mosquito net hapas and lower stocking density are recommended to reduce cost and enhance growth performance. Where cleaning is necessary, hapa nets may be cleaned at 10‐day intervals to improve survival. The results of this study have important implications for optimizing the production of release‐size sandfish in ocean‐based nursery systems in the Philippines.

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Adaptive and integrated culture production systems for the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Viability of a bottom-set tray ocean nursery system for Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833

Viability of a bottom-set tray ocean nursery system for Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833

Census of potential predators and competitors of sandfish, Holothuria scabra, juveniles during floating hapa ocean nursery culture

Effects of Cleaning Interval, Hapa Layers and Stocking Density on Growth Performance of Sandfish Holothuria scabra Juveniles in Ocean‐Based Nursery Production Systems

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