Adaptive immune system in pulmonary sarcoidosis—Comparison of peripheral and alveolar biomarkers

d’Alessandro, Miriana; Bergantini, Laura; Cameli, Paolo; Mezzasalma, Fabrizio; Refini, Rosa Metella; Pieroni, Maria; Sestini, Piersante; Bargagli, Elena

doi:10.1111/cei.13635

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…An increased number of CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocyte cells was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and other affected tissues of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, resulting in an increased CD4/CD8 ratio, considerably higher than 3.5. Sarcoidosis patients had lower peripheral percentages of T cells than healthy controls ( 80 ). Further experimental research is required to understand if the peripheral anergy and blood lymphopenia of sarcoidosis can induce bacterial or viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d’Alessandro et al. ( 80 ) found that Treg cell percentage in the BALF of sarcoidosis patients was lower than their peripheral percentages. Furthermore, Treg cells in the blood of sarcoidosis patients showed increased numbers of activated and memory Tregs and decreased number of resting and naive Tregs.…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with extensive IFN-γ production in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, the expression of cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-6, and regulatory cytokines, such as TGF-β and IL-10, has been reported to be upregulated in affected tissues ( 94 ). Moreover, higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17A were observed in the serum of sarcoidosis patients than in the serum of healthy individuals ( 80 ). The cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 is a complex interconnected network involving both innate and adaptive immunity as well as multiple immune cells and cytokines.…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?

et al. 2022

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, exacerbates inflammatory responses, and even causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe disease. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous multisystem disease characterized by dense epithelioid non-necrotizing lesions with varying degrees of lymphocytic inflammation. These two diseases have similar clinical manifestations and may also influence each other and affect their clinical courses. In this study, we analyzed some possible connections between sarcoidosis and COVID-19, including the role of the renin–angiotensin system in the respiratory system, immune response, and cell death pathways, to understand the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, predisposing patients to severe forms of COVID-19. This review will provide a new prospect for the treatment of COVID-19 and an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and development of sarcoidosis.

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Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?

et al. 2022

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“…Briefly, the peripheral blood samples were collected and processed within 8 h Ficoll density gradient separation was performed through Ficoll Histopaque®-1077 (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) as previously reported Live cell counts were performed in a Burker chamber. Aliquots of 3 × 10 6 cells were stored in liquid nitrogen in a standardised manner as previously reported [26][27][28][29][30]. All experiments were performed after thawing under the same conditions.…”

Section: Preparation and Storage Of Pbmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Bergantini

d’Alessandro

Cameli

et al. 2021

Cells

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has severely challenged the human population. NK and T cells are involved in the progression of COVID-19 infection through the ability of NK cells to modulate T-cell responses, and by the stimulation of cytokine release. No detailed investigation of the NK cell landscape in clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection has yet been reported. A total of 35 COVID-19 hospitalised patients were stratified for clinical severity and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled. NK cell subsets and T cell subsets were analysed with flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were detected with a bead-based multiplex assay. Fewer CD56dimCD16brightNKG2A+NK cells and a parallel increase in the CD56+CD69+NK, CD56+PD-1+NK, CD56+NKp44+NK subset were reported in COVID-19 than HC. A significantly higher adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequency in patients with severe disease than in those with mild and moderate phenotypes were reported. Moreover, adaptive/memory-like NK cell frequencies were significantly higher in patients who died than in survivors. Severe COVID-19 patients showed higher serum concentrations of IL-6 than mild and control groups. Direct correlation emerged for IL-6 and adaptive/memory-like NK. All these findings provide new insights into the immune response of patients with COVID-19. In particular, they demonstrate activation of NK through overexpression of CD69 and CD25 and show that PD-1 inhibitory signalling maintains an exhausted phenotype in NK cells. These results suggest that adaptive/memory-like NK cells could be the basis of promising targeted therapy for future viral infections.

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“…Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis of unknown aetiology that mainly occurs in females in the 20–40 years old age range. It is reported to have a lower incidence among smokers, as well as seasonal and geographical variations [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Sarcoidosis features non-caseating giant-cell granulomas in affected organs, mainly the lungs, with variable course ranging from spontaneous regression (Lofgren syndrome) to chronic inflammation and fibrosis [ 16 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Sarcoidosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CSIPF): A New Phenotype or a Fortuitous Overlap? Scoping Review and Case Series

Bergantini

Nardelli

d’Alessandro

et al. 2022

JCM

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis are two distinct clinical entities with different aetiology, epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms and chest imaging. A number of papers have reported an overlap of the two diseases and have suggested the existence of a distinct phenotype defined as combined sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CSIPF). We used the scoping review protocol to review the literature on CSIPF. We also enrolled a cohort of nine CSIPF patients and compared them with lone-IPF and fibrotic sarcoidosis patients. Our CSIPF cohort showed male prevalence and only ex-smokers. Functional assessment at baseline showed mild to moderate restrictive impairment of lung volumes in lone-IPF and CSIPF patients, associated with moderate-to-severe reduction in DLco percentages. Although all CSIPF patients were on antifibrotic treatments, functional impairment occurred in the two years of follow up. This suggests the importance of considering these patients at high risk of rapid deterioration and lung damage.

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Adaptive immune system in pulmonary sarcoidosis—Comparison of peripheral and alveolar biomarkers

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?

From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?

NK and T Cell Immunological Signatures in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Combined Sarcoidosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CSIPF): A New Phenotype or a Fortuitous Overlap? Scoping Review and Case Series

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