Adaptive Immunity: Effector and Inhibitory Cytokine Pathways in Gut Inflammation

MacDonald, Thomas T.; Monteleone, Giovanni

doi:10.1002/9781444318418.ch8

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…IBD occurs in genetically susceptible individuals with the effects of multiple environmental factors and an excessive immune response against luminal bacteria. 14 SARS-CoV-2 binds to the target cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). 15 ACE2 is mainly expressed in the lungs, intestines, kidneys, and blood vessels, with the highest concentration in the body in the terminal ileum and colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Frequency and Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children

Güler

Aksoy

Appak

et al. 2023

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Objective Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Some difficulties and differences were experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period for monitoring of chronic diseases. In this study, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency and course of inflammatory bowel disease in children was evaluated. Methods The first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case in Türkiye was diagnosed on March 11, 2020. The pandemic period was defined as the year following this date, and the pre-pandemic period as the preceding year. The number of patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and their clinical presentations during the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period was compared. In addition, the clinical features of previously diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients in the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period were compared. Results Eighty-six patients in a pediatric gastroenterology clinic between 2009 and 2021 were included. The number of newly diagnosed patients was higher during the pandemic period (n = 14) compared with the pre-pandemic period (n = 18; p = 0.017). Fifty-four patients were follow-up patients diagnosed before 2019: the mean number of outpatient clinic visits, disease attacks, and hospitalizations was lower pandemic period than pre-pandemic period (p < 0.01). Conclusion The changes experienced during pandemic period may have triggered more cases of inflammatory bowel disease. However, we found no evidence that either less face-to-face follow-up of, or life changes in, existing inflammatory bowel disease patients during the pandemic period adversely affected their clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%