Adaptive Modifications in Four Fish Species of the GenusGarra(Teleostei; Cyprinidae) in Basistha River, Assam, India

Hussain, Jafrin Farha; Bordoloi, Sabitry

doi:10.1017/s1431927618000405

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…they are found atop tubercles within the oral sucker (Fig. 5G-I) (Saxena 1959;Roberts 1982;Teimori et al 2011;Hussain and Bordoloi 2018). It is possible that some fishes use their unculi to help scrape food from the substrate; however, unculi are also present on the frictional pads of the pectoral fins of non-suctorial fishes (Conway et al 2012;De Meyer and Geerinckx 2014), which suggests a role in friction enhancement.…”

Section: Section Iii: a Cell/microstructure-level Approach Of Attachm...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Delroisse¹,

Kang²,

Gouveneaux³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To resist hydrodynamic forces, two main underwater attachment strategies have evolved multiple times in aquatic animals: glue-like “bioadhesive secretions” and pressure-driven “suction attachment”. In this review, we use a multi-level approach to highlight convergence in underwater attachment mechanisms across four different length-scales (organism, organ, microscopic and molecular). At the organism level, the ability to attach may serve a variety of functions, the most important being: (i) positional maintenance, (ii) locomotion, (iii) feeding, (iv) building, and (v) defense. Aquatic species that use bioadhesive secretions have been identified in 28 metazoan phyla out of the 34 currently described, while suction organs have a more restricted distribution and have been identified in five phyla. Although biological adhesives are highly diverse, it is possible to categorize them into four main types according to the time scale of operation: permanent, temporary, transitory, and instantaneous adhesion. At the organ level some common principles have evolved independently in different biological lineages: for example, animals with single-unit attachment organs can be distinguished from those with multi-unit organs. Fundamental design elements can also be recognized for both types of attachment mechanisms. Suction attachment systems comprise a circular or elliptical attachment disc, a sealing rim to prevent leakage and a mechanism to lower the internal pressure. Bioadhesive-producing organs, on the other hand, usually contain a glandular tissue associated with connective tissues or other types of load-bearing support structures and muscles that facilitate locomotion or mechanical detachment. At the microscopic level, similar designs and organizations appear once again to have emerged independently in different phylogenetic lineages. Independent of the taxon and type of adhesion, there are species in which the biosynthesis, packaging and release of adhesive secretions takes place at the level of a single type of secretory cell, whereas in others these secretions are produced by two or more secretory cell types. Duo-gland adhesive systems involved in temporary adhesion present an additional level of complexity as they also exhibit de-adhesive secretory cells. Yet, strikingly similar cellular organizations have been reported in highly disparate species. In the case of biological suction organs, regions of the organ that contact the substratum are highly textured with stiff microstructures. Although clearly non-homologous in different animals, these microstructures are thought to enhance friction on rough surfaces. At the molecular level, proteins are the main organic constituent of adhesive secretions in aquatic animals. We compared the global amino acid compositions of bioadhesives using principal component analysis to show that homologous adhesives from phylogenetically related species cluster together, and there is little overlap between taxonomic groups. However, several non-permanent adhesives are grouped together even though they belong to disparate phyla, indicating convergence in amino acid composition. We also investigated relatedness among individual adhesive proteins using a sequence similarity-based clustering analysis. While many proteins appear taxon-specific, some have clear sequence homologies based on shared protein domains between phylogenetically distant organisms. However, it is highly probable that these domains, which are also present in many non-adhesive proteins, were convergently acquired from ancestral proteins with unrelated general functions. We herein present morphological, structural, and molecular convergences between different attachment mechanisms in aquatic animals that likely arose in response to shared functional and selective pressures.

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Section: Section Iii: a Cell/microstructure-level Approach Of Attachm...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Delroisse¹,

Kang²,

Gouveneaux³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Delroisse

Kang

Gouveneaux

et al. 2023

Fascinating Life Sciences

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Holding in the stream: convergent evolution of suckermouth structures in Loricariidae (Siluriformes)

Krings,

Konn-Vetterlein,

Hausdorf

et al. 2023

Front Zool

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Suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae) are a highly speciose and diverse freshwater fish family, which bear upper and lower lips forming an oral disc. Its hierarchical organisation allows the attachment to various natural surfaces. The discs can possess papillae of different shapes, which are supplemented, in many taxa, by small horny projections, i.e. unculi. Although these attachment structures and their working mechanisms, which include adhesion and interlocking, are rather well investigated in some selected species, the loricariid oral disc is unfortunately understudied in the majority of species, especially with regard to comparative aspects of the diverse oral structures and their relationship to the ecology of different species. In the present paper, we investigated the papilla and unculi morphologies in 67 loricariid species, which inhabit different currents and substrates. We determined four papilla types and eight unculi types differing by forms and sizes. Ancestral state reconstructions strongly suggest convergent evolution of traits. There is no obvious correlation between habitat shifts and the evolution of specific character states. From handling the structures and from drying artefacts we could infer some information about their material properties. This, together with their shape, enabled us to carefully propose hypotheses about mechanisms of interactions of oral disc structures with natural substrates typical for respective fish species.

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Adaptive Modifications in Four Fish Species of the GenusGarra(Teleostei; Cyprinidae) in Basistha River, Assam, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

<strong></strong>Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

<strong></strong>Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Holding in the stream: convergent evolution of suckermouth structures in Loricariidae (Siluriformes)

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