“…Parallel manipulators have potential advantages, such as high stiffness, accuracy, high overload driven capability, and so on. In the era of industry 4.0, they are widely used in robotic hands, machine tools, high precision, haptic display, micro-mechanisms, and so on [1]. Unfortunately, parallel manipulators face many complex uncertainties caused by unknown dynamic model, external disturbances, and nonlinear frictions forces.…”