Adaptive Potential of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Limits Bt Trait Durability in Brazil

Fatoretto, Júlio; Michel, Andrew P.; Silva-Filho, Márcio C.; Silva, Nestor

doi:10.1093/jipm/pmx011

Cited by 120 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Such rapid spread poses a global threat to food production. The strong environmental adaptability of fall armyworm is not only reflected in its polyphagy for a wide range of host plants 6 , but also in its evolution of resistance to chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Studies have shown that the genes related to detoxification and metabolic processes in the fall armyworm have exhibited obvious expansion [17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-depth resequencing reveals hybrid population and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invading China

Zhang

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The rapid wide-scale spread of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has caused serious crop losses globally. However, differences in the genetic background of subpopulations and the mechanisms of rapid adaptation behind the invasion are still not well understood. Here we report a 393.25-M chromosome-level genome assembly of fall armyworm with scaffold N50 of 13.3 M consisting of 23281 annotated protein-coding genes. Genome-wide resequencing of 105 samples from 16 provinces in China revealed that the fall armyworm population comprises a complex inter-strain hybrid, mainly with the corn-strain genetic background and less of the rice-strain genetic background, which highlights the inaccuracy of strain identification using mitochondrial or Tpi genes. An analysis of genes related to pesticide-and Bt-resistance showed that the risk of fall armyworm developing resistance to conventional pesticides is very high, while remaining currently susceptible to Bt toxins. Laboratory bioassay results showed that insects invading China carry resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, which is consistent with the results of molecular scanning of resistance-related genes, but are sensitive to genetically modified maize expressing Cry1Ab in field experiments. Additionally, we found that two mitochondrial fragments are inserted into the nuclear genome, and the insertion event occurred after the differentiation of the two strains. This study represents a valuable advancement toward the analysis of genetic differences among subpopulations and improving management strategies for fall armyworm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-depth resequencing reveals hybrid population and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invading China

Zhang

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In this regard, as seed is mostly distributed by commercial seed companies, governmental regulations for the distribution of Bt maize obstruct smallholders from fully benefitting. Education and training on proper insect resistance management following approval of GM maize crops; especially training on proper implementation of refuge is a further a problem for better adoption of the Bt technology (FAO, 2018; Fatoretto, Michel, Silva Filho, & Silva, ). The reality of a refuge crop means that fall armyworm will destroy the maize in this portion of the field, equaling little or no harvestable yield.…”

Section: Biotechnology a Tool To Limit Invasive Insect Pest Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in sub‐Saharan Africa

Botha

Kunert

Malinga

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Africa is burdened by food insecurity with nearly a billion people suffering from starvation, undernutrition, and malnutrition. Climate change prediction models forecast changes in rainfall patterns and rising temperature regimes, with impacts particularly on Southern and East Africa. These predictions are especially concerning for the production of major food crops, such as maize, sorghum, millet, and groundnut, because median temperature increases are associated with increased pest pressure and changes in migratory patterns. These factors will result in significantly more pest invasions and an increased need for innovative insect management practices. This review focuses on pest control strategies, highlighting important examples, their economic impact, and new alternative pest control strategies. African policymakers remain hesitant to move forward with establishing biosafety laws and commercializing GM crops, and it is often difficult to implement regulatory measures in smallholder agriculture to increase efficacy.

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“…4 The high adoption of Bt technologies in Brazil, coupled with the low adoption of refuge areas, has contributed to a rapid evolution of S. frugiperda resistance to some proteins, such as Cry1F, Cry1Ab and Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2. 1,3,5 The vast majority of commercially released Bt events express proteins from the Cry1 group. Cry1 proteins show a high level of cross-resistance to other Bt maize and cotton technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution of Vip3Aa20 resistance allele frequencies in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in Brazil

Amaral

Guidolin

Salmeron

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The use of Bt plants has been the main strategy for controlling the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in Brazil. However, many resistance cases were already registered. The resistance of S. frugiperda to the Vip3Aa20 protein was recently characterized under laboratory conditions but it is still efficient under field conditions. Here, resistance monitoring studies were conducted using phenotypic (purified protein and Bt maize leaves) and genotypic (F1 and F2 screen) methods to support insect resistance management (IRM) programs and preserve Vip3Aa20 technology on maize. RESULTS Phenotypic monitoring with purified protein showed two populations significantly different from the susceptible strain on the second crop season in 2016. This number increased for the first and second crop seasons in 2017 in several regions. The genotypic monitoring estimated a mean frequency of the resistance allele of 0.0027 for the F1 screen and 0.0033 for the F2 screen. Three new resistant strains to Vip3Aa20 were selected from F2 screen assays. Complementation tests on these new resistant strains were positive with the previous resistant strain. CONCLUSION Here we showed that the resistance allele of S. frugiperda to Vip3Aa20 protein is widely distributed in maize‐producing regions in Brazil and its frequency increases throughout crop seasons. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Adaptive Potential of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Limits Bt Trait Durability in Brazil

Cited by 120 publications

References 71 publications

High-depth resequencing reveals hybrid population and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invading China

High-depth resequencing reveals hybrid population and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invading China

Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in sub‐Saharan Africa

Geographical distribution of Vip3Aa20 resistance allele frequencies in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in Brazil

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