Adaptivity and dynamics in type III secretion systems

Milne-Davies, Bailey; Wimmi, Stephan; Diepold, Andreas

doi:10.1111/mmi.14658

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 227 publications

(339 reference statements)

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“…A sixth protein, FliO, is believed to be required for the assembly of the fT3SScc but does not form part of the complex (Fabiani et al , 2017; Fukumura et al , 2017). The assembly of the fT3SScc initiates with FliP, which forms a pentameric platform on which FliQ, FliR, and FlhB assemble to create a FliP 5 FliQ 4 FliR 1 FlhB 1 subcomplex upon which a nonameric FlhA ring is built (Fabiani et al , 2017; Kuhlen et al , 2018; Minamino et al , 2019; Milne‐Davies et al , 2021). The C‐terminal domains of both FlhA and FlhB remain in the cytoplasm (Fig 1, top).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel transient cytoplasmic rings stabilize assembling bacterial flagellar motors

et al. 2022

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The process by which bacterial cells build their intricate flagellar motility apparatuses has long fascinated scientists. Our understanding of this process comes mainly from studies of purified flagella from two species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.Here, we used electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) to image the assembly of the flagellar motor in situ in diverse Proteobacteria: Hylemonella gracilis, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Shewanella oneidensis. Our results reveal the in situ structures of flagellar intermediates, beginning with the earliest flagellar type III secretion system core complex (fT3SScc) and MS-ring. In high-torque motors of Beta-, Gamma-, and Epsilon-proteobacteria, we discovered novel cytoplasmic rings that interact with the cytoplasmic torque ring formed by FliG. These rings, associated with the MSring, assemble very early and persist until the stators are recruited into their periplasmic ring; in their absence the stator ring does not assemble. By imaging mutants in Helicobacter pylori, we found that the fT3SScc proteins FliO and FliQ are required for the assembly of these novel cytoplasmic rings. Our results show that rather than a simple accretion of components, flagellar motor assembly is a dynamic process in which accessory components interact transiently to assist in building the complex nanomachine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel transient cytoplasmic rings stabilize assembling bacterial flagellar motors

et al. 2022

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“…For Spa33 (SctQ), the dynamic exchange between the sorting platform and cytoplasmic populations is a potential mechanism for guiding secretion cargo to the sorting platform for interaction with Spa47 and Spa13, followed by chaperone removal, unfolding of the cargo and cargo delivery to the export gate. The Yersinia T3SS has yielded seminal findings regarding a dynamic and adaptive network of cytoplasmic and sorting platform-associated proteins [ 141 , 142 ] and there is no reason to suspect that this does not hold true for other T3SS, including that of Shigella . The identification of soluble complexes of the Salmonella sorting platform proteins SpaO, SpaO C , OrgB and InvC (SctQ, SctQ C , SctL and SctN, respectively, or Spa33, Spa33 C , MxiN and Spa47 in Shigella ) is consistent with the stability of such cytoplasmic complexes [ 131 ].…”

Section: The Cytoplasmic Sorting Platform (Bottom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Shigella Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom

et al. 2021

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Shigella comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery. While Shigella possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion system (T3SS) is its primary virulence factor. The Shigella T3SS nanomachine consists of four major assemblies: the cytoplasmic sorting platform; the envelope-spanning core/basal body; an exposed needle; and a needle-associated tip complex with associated translocon that is inserted into host cell membranes. The initial subversion of host cell activities is carried out by the effector functions of the invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa) translocator proteins, with the cell ultimately being controlled by dedicated effector proteins that are injected into the host cytoplasm though the translocon. Much of the information now available on the T3SS injectisome has been accumulated through collective studies on the T3SS from three systems, those of Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica/Yersinia pestis. In this review, we will touch upon the important features of the T3SS injectisome that have come to light because of research in the Shigella and closely related systems. We will also briefly highlight some of the strategies being considered to target the Shigella T3SS for disease prevention.

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“…P. mirabilis were grown as described in ref. [4]. P. aeruginosa were grown in LB medium at 37° C overnight.…”

Section: Supporting Information Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fT3SScc consists of five proteins (FliP, FliQ, FliR, FlhB and FlhA), with another protein, FliO, required for assembly but which does not form part of the complex [2,3]. Initially, FliP forms a pentameric platform on which FliQ, FliR and FlhB assemble to create a FliP 5 FliQ 4 FliR 1 FlhB 1 subcomplex upon which an FlhA ring is built [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel widespread bacterial structure related to the flagellar type III secretion system

Kaplan

Oikonomou

Wood

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The flagellar type III secretion system (fT3SS) is a suite of membrane-embedded and cytoplasmic proteins responsible for building the bacterial flagellar motility machinery. Homologous proteins form the injectisome machinery bacteria use to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells, and other family members have recently been reported to be involved in the formation of membrane nanotubes. Here we describe a novel, ubiquitous and evolutionarily widespread hat-shaped structure embedded in the inner membrane of bacteria, of yet-unidentified function, that is related to the fT3SS, adding to the already rich repertoire of this family of nanomachines.

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Adaptivity and dynamics in type III secretion systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 227 publications

Novel transient cytoplasmic rings stabilize assembling bacterial flagellar motors

Novel transient cytoplasmic rings stabilize assembling bacterial flagellar motors

The Shigella Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom

A novel widespread bacterial structure related to the flagellar type III secretion system

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