Additional weight-bearing during exercise is more important than duration of exercise for anabolic stimulus of bone: a study of running exercise in female rats

Wiel, H.E. van der; Lips, Paul; Graafmans, W.C.; Danielsen, C. C.; Nauta, J. J. P.; Lingen, Arthur van; Mosekilde, Li.

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)80014-h

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In animals, strain magnitude is more important than number of strain cycles. In rats loaded with different times and loads, after 17 weeks experiment, increase in BMC was significantly larger than control in rats exercising 15 min with a 50 g load, while it was not significant in animals exercising 30 min without a load 27 . This is more similar to resistance (or weight) training than to endurance training.…”

Section: What Is the Most Effective Type Of Exercise?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical activity, diet and skeletal health

Branca

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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Diet and physical exercise concur in the determination of skeletal mass at the end of adolescence and in the conservation of it during adult life. The functional demand imposed on bone is a major determinant of its structural characteristics. Stress applied to a skeletal segment affects the geometry of the bone, the microarchitecture and the composition of the matrix. The stimulatory effect occurs when the skeleton is subjected to strains exceeding habitual skeletal loads, and the intensity of load is more important than the duration of the stimulus.Physical activity leads to greater bone density in children and adolescents and, to a minor extent, in adults. Weight bearing activities, such as walking, have a greater effect than non weight bearing activities, such as cycling and swimming. Reduction of loads as in bed resting or in space flights leads to bone loss. Intense training may cause damage, promptly repaired, as in stress fractures observed in army recruits. Female athletes may experience oligo-amenorrhea, though they still have a positive bone balance.There is an important interaction between the mechanical demands and the availability of nutrients to manufacture bone tissue. The increase in bone density in post-menopausal women is positively related to calcium intake when calcium supplementation is accompanied by exercise. When mechanical demands are low, such as during immobilisation, the intestinal calcium absorption is reduced. Calcium intake should also be analysed in the light of other dietary factors affecting the balance between absorption and excretion, and in combination with a number of other minerals, trace elements and bioactive substances with an impact on bone metabolism.

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Section: What Is the Most Effective Type Of Exercise?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical activity, diet and skeletal health

Branca

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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“…[78] The forces generated during running play a role in the osteogenic response, since the rats that run with a loaded backpack on top of their back show a greater gain in bone mass than the rats running without extra load. [80] In contrast, running 442 Guadalupe-Grau et al…”

Section: Experiments With Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Bone Mass in Adults

et al. 2009

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“…We have developed a rat model to test the effect of a high peak load in rats [24]. In this model rats were trained on an exercise belt with additional weight in a backpack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise on systemic and bone concentrations of growth factors in rats

Bravenboer

Engelbregt

Visser

et al. 2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Exercise can prevent bone loss and increase bone density. Growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor P (TGFB) are thought to be involved in the local response to mechanical loading, resulting in bone remodelling. We tested the effect of additional weight bearing during exercise on the systemic response of IGF-I and local bone response of IGF-I and TGFP.Thirty-four female Wistar rats (aged 3 months, weight 226.9 4~ 20.2 g) were randomly divided in four groups: group 1 baseline controls; group 2 sedentary controls; group 3 ran 15 min a day on a motor-driven exercise belt: group 4 ran 15 min a day with a backpack containing 40 g. The animals ran 5 days a week, for 6 weeks, with an average velocity of 16.6 i 4.4 mlmin, and a slope of 5" uphill.The serum growth hormone (GH) concentration was significantly higher in the running rats (group 3, P = 0.009) than in the sedentary controls (group 2). The IGF-I and I G F binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels in serum and the IGF-I levels in liver were similar in all groups. In the tibia no significant differences were observed in IGF-I, IGFBP3 and TGFP concentration. In the humerus, the IGF-I concentration was lower in the running rats (group 3 ) than in the sedentary controls ( P = 0.04), but it was higher in the rats that ran with additional weight than in those without ( P = 0.009). The TGFP concentration in the humerus was lower in both group 3 ( P = 0,001) and 4 (P = 0.03) than in the sedentary controls.The effects in bone caused by mechanical stimulation cannot be explained by changes in serum IGF-I and IGF-I produced in the liver. The concentrations of IGF-I and TGFP in bone appeared to be modulated by running exercise. 0

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Additional weight-bearing during exercise is more important than duration of exercise for anabolic stimulus of bone: a study of running exercise in female rats

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Physical activity, diet and skeletal health

Physical activity, diet and skeletal health

Exercise and Bone Mass in Adults

The effect of exercise on systemic and bone concentrations of growth factors in rats

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