Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Agriculturally derived biowastes can be transformed into a diverse range of materials, including powders, fibers, and filaments, which can be used in additive manufacturing methods. This review study reports a study that analyzes the existing literature on the development of novel materials from agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing methods. A review was conducted of 57 selected publications since 2016 covering various agriculturally derived biowastes, different additive manufacturing methods, and potential large-scale applications of additive manufacturing using these materials. Wood, fish, and algal cultivation wastes were also included in the broader category of agriculturally derived biowastes. Further research and development are required to optimize the use of agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing, particularly with regard to material innovation, improving print quality and mechanical properties, as well as exploring large-scale industrial applications.

Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing

“…As a matter of fact, the use of agro-wastes, without any further modification, is significantly affected by the quality, type, and region of sourcing of the wastes themselves. A recent review paper [ 38 ] put forward a systematic approach for being able to compare many different products in AM starting from agro-wastes. Even in the review, only 57 papers were considered encompassing all of the areas of biomasses (fisheries, forests, as well as agriculture).…”

SAMSax—An Innovative Living Lab for the Advancement of a Circular Economy through Additive Manufacturing Technologies

“…Crucial to this process is a particle size distribution suitable for manufacturing/build-up, which must be adjusted, along with an appropriate powder-binder system. Research interest in this field is expanding [33], with literature reviews indicating the suitability of new materials derived from biomass waste or by-products for extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes [34], and agricultural bio-wastes, such as wood, fish, and algae cultivation residues [35], being deployable in additive manufacturing processes. Additionally, wood residues from conventional wood processing can be used as material for 3D printing, upgrading low-value residues often used as fuel or even disposed of in landfills [36].…”

“…Within these domains, diverse products are manufactured as a proofof-concept through 3D printing. Furthermore, efforts are made to develop sustainable, recyclable, and biodegradable 3D printing filaments from the generated bio-waste [35]. These residues also find utility in various industries, including the production of bone tissue [37], food packaging [38], construction [39], wastewater treatment plants [40], the electrical industry, the manufacture of pharmaceutical components [41], the furniture industry [42,43], and the automotive industry [44].…”

Three-Dimensional Printing of Biomass–Fungi Biocomposite Materials: The Effects of Mixing and Printing Parameters on Fungal Growth

“…These biocomposite materials can be used to manufacture products that are traditionally made from petroleum-based plastics. Potential applications of these products can be found in diverse industries, including packaging [2][3][4][5], furniture [6], and construction [7].…”

“…Furthermore, this approach reduces manufacturing waste [19]. The six stages of this extrusion-based 3D printing method are discussed elaborately in previously published papers [5,20,21].…”