Additives Imparting Antimicrobial Properties to Acrylic Bone Cements

Robu, Alina; Antoniac, Aurora; Grosu, Elena; Vasile, Eugeniu; Raiciu, Anca Daniela; Iordache, Florin; Antoniac, Iulian Vasile; Rau, Julietta V.; Yankova, V.G.; Dițu, Lia-Mara; Săceleanu, Vicențiu

doi:10.3390/ma14227031

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Other interesting approaches have been reported as alternatives to antibiotics for inclusion in PMMA cement. Robu et al showed that peppermint oil and silver nanoparticles could be incorporated into bone cement, with good biocompatibility and promising antimicrobial effects [ 31 ]. Another recent paper by Jackson et al reported synergistic and extended antibacterial activity by combining gentamicin and silver nitrate in bone cement, which could be of interest for fighting GN-PJIs [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria

et al. 2022

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Gram-negative bacilli can be responsible for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) even if staphylococci are the main involved pathogens. Gram-negative PJIs (GN-PJI) are considered difficult-to-treat infections due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. To minimize the risk of infection in cases of arthroplasties with cemented prosthesis, bone cement can be loaded with antibiotics, especially gentamicin. In this study, we aimed to compare the prophylactic antibiofilm activity of ready-to-use antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBC), already commercialized or new prototypes. We compared ALBCs containing gentamicin alone, gentamicin plus vancomycin, gentamicin plus clindamycin, gentamicin plus Fosfomycin, and fosfomycin alone, to plain cement (no antibiotic); these comparisons were conducted to investigate the biofilm formation of three strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, with or without specific resistance to gentamicin or fosfomycin. We reported that ALBC containing gentamicin and clindamycin (COPAL G+C) seems to be the most interesting ALBC of our tested panel for the prevention of biofilm formation by gentamicin-susceptible strains, even if clindamycin is not effective against Gram-negative bacteria. However, gentamicin-resistant strains are still a problem, and further studies are needed to identify an antibiotic to associate with gentamicin for an efficient dual ALBC against Gram-negative bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria

et al. 2022

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“…Our previous results [ 1 ] have demonstrated that the incorporation of peppermint essential oil incorporated in hydroxyapatite, gentamicin, and silver nanoparticles incorporated in ceramic glass (4%) (HUM, GM, and AM2 samples) generated clear areas of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone cement is one of the most important biomaterials in hip and knee arthroplasty, and its quality has a great influence on the prosthesis survival rate [ 1 , 2 ]. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), 84,770 secondary total knee arthroplasty surgeries were done between 2012 and 2020, and their main causes were due to infections (38.4%), prosthesis instability (22.7%), and aseptic loosening (16.5%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most investigated essential oils is peppermint. It is well known that this oil exhibits antibacterial activity due to limonene, L-menthol, methyl acetate, and menthone [ 1 ]. Unalan et al [ 38 ] investigated the physical and antibacterial properties of peppermint essential oil-loaded poly (ε-caprolactone) fibers produced through electrospinning dedicated to wound healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their final conclusion was that diffusion transport is the main mechanism that governs the release of peppermint oil. Robu et al [ 1 ] tested a modified PMMA bone cement based on hydroxyapatite impregnated with peppermint oil. It proved crucial antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties

et al. 2022

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The main problems directly linked with the use of PMMA bone cements in orthopedic surgery are the improper mechanical bond between cement and bone and the absence of antimicrobial properties. Recently, more research has been devoted to new bone cement with antimicrobial properties using mainly antibiotics or other innovative materials with antimicrobial properties. In this paper, we developed modified PMMA bone cement with antimicrobial properties proposing some experimental antimicrobial agents consisting of silver nanoparticles incorporated in ceramic glass and hydroxyapatite impregnated with peppermint oil. The impact of the addition of antimicrobial agents on the structure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of new PMMA bone cements was quantified. It has been shown that the addition of antimicrobial agents improves the flexural strength of the traditional PMMA bone cement, while the yield strength values show a decrease, most likely because this agent acts as a discontinuity inside the material rather than as a reinforcing agent. In the case of all samples, the addition of antimicrobial agents had no significant influence on the thermal stability. The new PMMA bone cement showed good biocompatibility and the possibility of osteoblast proliferation (MTT test) along with a low level of cytotoxicity (LDH test).

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Tackling Biofilm Resistance of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Against Levofloxacin via Nanotechnology and Essential Oils

Sarhan

2024

J Pharm Innov

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Introduction The generation of biofilms by bacteria has become a major factor in the rise of antibiotic resistance. Lipid nano-capsules (LNCs) have recently emerged as an innovative platform for drug delivery, due to their unique properties and ability to carry a wide array of therapeutic chemical compounds. Objectives The objective of this research was to create, optimize, and evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of a peppermint oil emulsion (o/w) containing levofloxacin against resistant bacteria via biofilm formation. Methods Essential oils, particularly peppermint oil known for its antifungal properties, were employed instead of traditional medium chain triglycerides to formulate lipid nanocarriers, utilizing alternating surfactant types (Solutol HS 15 and Cremophor EL) and differing oil to surfactant ratios (2:1 and 1:1). The LFX-LNCs formula, with a 2:1 oil to surfactant ratio, was selected for further investigation due to its physical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and polydispersity index. The antibacterial efficiency of LFX-LNCs was evaluated, revealing their ability to eradicate established biofilms of Gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), as well as Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Results The mean particle size of LFX-LNCs varied from 30.86 ± 0.54 nm to 68.36 ± 0.56 nm, demonstrating a narrow size distribution, a negative zeta potential (-1.56 ± 0.24 to -20.2 ± 2.15 mV), and a polydispersity index (PDI) ranging from 0.062 ± 0.006 to 0.26 ± 0.002. Lipid nanocapsules generally exhibit a spherical morphology within the nanometric size range when analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity assessment revealed that EL 2:1 exhibited the most significant antimicrobial efficacy, characterized by a reduced particle size and an inhibition zone measuring up to (2.43 ± 0.24 cm), demonstrating promising results against several pathogenic strains, including P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli. Conclusion This study illustrates the efficacy of LFX-LNCs in the treatment of non-healing wounds infected with biofilm-forming bacteria. Graphical Abstract

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Additives Imparting Antimicrobial Properties to Acrylic Bone Cements

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties

Tackling Biofilm Resistance of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Against Levofloxacin via Nanotechnology and Essential Oils

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