Addressing Ciguatera Risk Using Biosensors for the Detection of Gambierdiscus and Ciguatoxins

Gaiani, Greta; Diogène, Jorge; Campàs, Mònica

doi:10.1007/698_2022_943

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The development of biosensors for the detection of toxic Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa dinoflagellate species and toxic fish specimens is of high value for remote islands, such as the Selvagens Islands. A review of the state of the art of biosensors to assess the ciguatera risk has been recently published by Gaiani and colleagues [69]. Of critical importance is the production of the reference material and the availability of standards for Caribbean ciguatoxins [70], essential for the method validation and implementation of the official control.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 15-Year Retrospective Review of Ciguatera in the Madeira Islands (North-East Atlantic, Portugal)

Costa,

Churro,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Toxins

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The first ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Portugal dates from 2008 when 11 people reported CFP symptoms after consuming a 30 kg amberjack caught around the Selvagens Islands (Madeira Archipelago). Since then, 49 human poisonings have been reported. The emergence of a new threat challenged scientists and regulators, as methods for toxic microalgae analyses and ciguatoxin (CTX) detection were not implemented. To minimise the risk of ciguatera, the Madeira Archipelago authorities interdicted fisheries in Selvagens Islands and banned the capture of amberjacks weighing more than 10 kg in the entire region of Madeira Archipelago. The accurate identification and quantification of the benthic toxin-producing algae species spreading to new areas require efforts in terms of both microscopy and molecular techniques. Two ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus australes, were identified in the Madeira Island and Selvagens sub-archipelago, respectively. Regarding the CTX analysis (N2a cell-based assay and LC-MS) in fish, the results indicate that the Selvagens Islands are a ciguatera risk area and that fish vectoring CTX are not limited to top predator species. Nevertheless, advances and improvements in screening methods for the fast detection of toxicity in seafood along with certified reference material and sensitive and selective targeted analytical methods for the determination of CTX content are still pending. This study aims to revise the occurrence of ciguatera cases in the Madeira Archipelago since its first detection in 2008, to discuss the risk management strategy that was implemented, and to provide a summary of the available data on the bioaccumulation of CTX in marine fish throughout the marine food web, taking into consideration their ecological significance, ecosystem dynamics, and fisheries relevance.

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%