Addressing the Challenges to Identification in Gas Chromatography by Increased Resolution and Enhanced Detection Modalities

Abstract

In the past 15+ years, gas chromatography (GC) has undergone a renaissance in its implementation on the basis of the "disruptive" technology of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). With a foundation based upon a two-column GC separation approach, GC×GC significantly alters the classical multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) method by employing very fast separation on a second dimension ( D) after a conventional one-dimensional (i.e., single column; 1D) column separation. This allows the experimentalist to apply the advantages of multidimensionality to the total sample rather than to just discrete zones of the 1D separation that characterizes MDGC. This requires a new "language" to describe GC×GC separations, applied to the first dimension ( D) and D, and consideration of the modulation processes that define the transfer of analyte from the D to the D. The present review is based on the FACS Foundation lectureship of the author given at the 17th Asian Chemical Congress of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS). The award lecture and this manuscript is based on material deriving largely from research in the area of MDGC and GC×GC separations of the author.

Recent Developments along the Analytical Process for Metabolomics Workflows

“…Almost 30 years ago, the idea of expanding the capacity of GC techniques and improving its ability to resolve more compounds by adding a second column (second dimension, 2 D) emerged. Among the reported strategies, GC × GC (the whole eluate ( 1 D material) is transferred to the 2 D column) offers significantly greater resolving power in 1 D analysis . This method has been extensively applied for environmental matrixes and more recently in forensic investigations including human scent determination, arson investigations, security-related substance identification, and environmental forensics. , …”

“…Among the reported strategies, GC × GC (the whole eluate ( 1 D material) is transferred to the 2 D column) offers significantly greater resolving power in 1 D analysis. 103 This method has been extensively applied for environmental matrixes and more recently in forensic investigations including human scent determination, arson investigations, security-related substance identification, and environmental forensics. 104,105 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in exhaled breath, clinical sample acquired noninvasively, can reveal a wealth of chemical and metabolomic information.…”

Metal–Organic‐Framework‐based Gas Chromatographic Separation

“…All of the above features of MOFs, including high specific surface areas, tunable pores and high thermal stability result in their diverse applications, such as separation, energy conversion, gas absorption, chemical sensing, catalysis and biomedicine . In recent years, MOFs with various pore size have been synthesized and used in the analytical chemistry, especially chromatographic separation.…”

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Advances in Technology and Applications: Biennial Update

“…Likewise, flame photometric detector (FPD in S and P mode), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), and others were reported. Marriott summarized challenges related to identification in GC and the value of increased resolution and detection modalities, published in the proceedings of an award lecture given to the 17th Asian Chemical Congress of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies.…”