Adenocarcinoma the most common cell type in patients presenting with primary lung cancer in the Western Cape province

Koegelenberg, Coenraad F.N.; Aubeelack, Kushroo; Nanguzgambo, Aldoph B; Irusen, Elvis; Mowlana, Abdurasiet; Groote-Bidlingmaier, Florian von; Bolliger, Chris T.

doi:10.7196/samj.4554

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The distribution NCR: National Cancer Registry *: Excluding 79 Asian patients and 118 individuals of unknown race of histological types of lung cancer in specific racial groups was not reported in the Western Cape study. 8,9 Similar to data reported by the NCR (personal communication, February 14 2013) (Table VII), adenocarcinoma occurred more frequently in white, than in black and coloured, patients in our study. However, this histological subtype of lung cancer was distributed fairly equally in the black and white patients in our study with regard to SCC, as opposed to the NCR data which reported a more common occurrence of SCC in black patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar to the results reported from the Western Cape, 8,9 we found that 89% of patients seen at our division presented with stage III or IV disease, which confirms the fact that lung cancer is usually diagnosed when the patient has already progressed to an advanced stage of the disease.…”

Section: 29supporting

confidence: 79%

“…At 34.8%, SCC was the most common histological subtype of lung cancer by a slight margin, followed by adenocarcinoma (32.6%). These findings were contrary to those reported from the Western Cape province, 8,9 where adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in more cases (42.4%) than SCC (22.3%). Table VI shows a comparison of the racial distribution of patients observed with lung cancer in both the Western Cape 8,9 and our study, as well as NCR information in this regard, 1 compared to the racial composition of the two provinces and the total South African population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…These findings were contrary to those reported from the Western Cape province, 8,9 where adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in more cases (42.4%) than SCC (22.3%). Table VI shows a comparison of the racial distribution of patients observed with lung cancer in both the Western Cape 8,9 and our study, as well as NCR information in this regard, 1 compared to the racial composition of the two provinces and the total South African population. 5 Since the ethnic profile of patients in neither of these two studies was representative of a specific provincial or national racial composition of the general South African population, a countrywide multicentre study is recommended to obtain more reliable data on the epidemiology of lung cancer, especially with regard to histological subtype in relation to race.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Although the population in our study was smaller (92 patients opposed to 507 in the Western Cape study), 8,9 our observations with regard to histological subtype could possibly suggest an association with ethnicity. The distribution NCR: National Cancer Registry *: Excluding 79 Asian patients and 118 individuals of unknown race of histological types of lung cancer in specific racial groups was not reported in the Western Cape study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Pulmonology Division, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, 2010-2011

Maasdorp

Snyman

Prins

et al. 2013

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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South Afr J Epidemiol InfectOriginal Research: Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer Lung cancer is regarded by the World Health Organization as a leading cause of death globally. Limited data are available on lung cancer epidemiology in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the profile of patients with lung cancer who were seen at a local pulmonology clinic. A retrospective audit was conducted on patients ≥ 18 years of age who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Universitas Academic Hospital (Pulmonology Division) between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011. Information was collected with regard to demographic variables, smoking status, performance status, histological subtype and stage of disease. Ninety-two patients' records were included in the study. The median age was 61.2 years (a range of 44-86 years). 57.6% of patients were black, 33.7% white and 8.7% coloured. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The largest group of patients was black men (46.7%). Most patients were current or previous smokers. 45.2% of white patients had a history of ≥ 30 smoking pack years (one pack year of smoking was defined as 20 cigarettes smoked every day for a year), compared to 26.4% of black and 37.5% of coloured patients. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in 34.8% and 32.6% of patients, respectively. Adenocarcinoma occurred more commonly in white patients (38.7%), while SCC was diagnosed more frequently in black patients (34%). The majority of patients presented with advanced stage of disease. Thorough recordkeeping on the epidemiology of lung cancer in South Africa is necessary to enable the planning and implementation of a national strategy with regard to treatment options and prevention.Peer reviewed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: 29supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Pulmonology Division, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, 2010-2011

Maasdorp

Snyman

Prins

et al. 2013

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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Recommendations for lung cancer screening in Southern Africa

Koegelenberg

Dorfman²,

Schewitz

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in southern Africa. Early trials of chest radiograph-based screening in males at high risk for lung cancer found no mortality benefit of a radiograph alone, or a radiograph plus sputum cytology screening strategy. Large prospective studies, including the National Lung Screening Trial, have shown an all-cause mortality benefit when lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) was used as a screening modality in patients that are at high risk of developing lung cancer. The South African Thoracic Society, based on these findings, and those from several international guidelines, recommend that annual LDCT should be offered to patients between 55-74 years of age who are current or former smokers (having quit within the preceding 15 years), with at least a 30-pack year smoking history and with no history of lung cancer. Patients should be in general good health, fit for surgery, and willing to undergo further investigations if deemed necessary. Given the high local prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and post-TB lung disease, which can radiographically mimic lung cancer, a conservative threshold (nodule size ≥6 mm) should be used to determine whether the baseline LDCT screen is positive (thus nodules <6 mm require no action until the next annual screen). If a non-calcified, solid or partly solid nodule is ≥6 mm, but <10 mm with no malignant features (e.g., distinct spiculated margins), the LDCT should be repeated in 6 months. If a solid nodule or the largest component of a non-solid nodule is ≥10 or ≥6 mm and enlarging or with additional malignant features present, definitive action to exclude lung cancer is warranted. Patients should be screened annually until 15 years have elapsed from date of smoking cessation, they turn 80, become unfit for a curative operation or significant changes are observed.

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Efavirenz and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Alter Cell Cycle Regulation in Lung Cancer

et al. 2020

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Highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) is currently the most effective treatment for HIV/AIDS. Additionally, HIV positive patients receiving HAART have a better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cancers previously associated with HIV/AIDS also known as the AIDS defining cancers (ADCs), such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been on the decline since the introduction of HAART. However, non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs), in particular, lung cancers have been documented to be on the rise. The association between the use of HAART components and lung carcinogenesis is poorly understood. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of two HAART components [efavirenz (EFV), and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)] on lung cancer. This was achieved through the use of in vitro cell biological approaches to assess cell health, including cell viability, Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) growth monitoring, evaluation of the cell cycle, and progression to apoptosis, following on drug treatments. At plasma level concentrations, both EFV and LPV/r induced S-phase arrest, while at lower concentrations both drugs promoted the progression of cells into G2/M phase following cell cycle FACS analysis. At higher concentrations although cell viability assays reflected anti-proliferative effects of the drugs, this was not statistically significant. RTCA showed a significant decline in cell viability in response to the highest dose of LPV/r. Dual staining by Annexin V-FITC and PI confirmed significant pro-apoptotic effects were promoted by LPV/r. Both EFV and LPV/r exert double-edged oncogenic effects on MRC-5 and A549 lung cells, acting to either promote cell proliferation or to enhance apoptosis. This is affected by EFV and LPV/r altering cell cycle progression, with a significant S-phase arrest, this being an indication of cellular stress, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage within the cell.

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Adenocarcinoma the most common cell type in patients presenting with primary lung cancer in the Western Cape province

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Pulmonology Division, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, 2010-2011

Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Pulmonology Division, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, 2010-2011

Recommendations for lung cancer screening in Southern Africa

Efavirenz and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Alter Cell Cycle Regulation in Lung Cancer

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