Objective This article aims to present a systematic review of the literature produced by Brazilian researchers, linked to the social and human sciences, who have studied homosexuality and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite, Transsexuals, and Transgender population. Method The terms “homosexuality”, “homosexuality” and “LGBT” were searched in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Electronic Psychology Journals and Index Psi Periodic. Results In all, 263 articles were found and analyzed using a descending hierarchical classification that resulted in six lexical classes. It was found that psychology was the area with most publications on the subject. Conclusion The emphasis of the publications has changed over time, from concerns about the origin of homosexuality to the struggles and conquests of civil rights. The results also point to a small number of articles on lesbians, transsexuals, and transvestites.