Adhesion of Staphylococcus to orthopaedic metals, an in vivo study

Abstract

This study describes a new model of biofilm study in rabbits. The primary focus of this study was to assess biofilm adhesion to orthopaedic metals in their first 48 h in a femoral intramedullary implantation model. Two previous inoculation methods i.e. that of pre-and direct inoculation were studied with two bacterial isolates namely Staphylococcus uureus and epidermidis, on titanium and stainless steel metallic implants. A method of sonication and log dilution/plating was used to assess biofilm bacteria adhering to implants. Silver coated metals were then compared with their respective control metals in the new model. The direct inoculation model gave larger and more reproducible biofilm adhesion to implanted metals. Staphylococcus epidermidis shows lower adhesion ability to metals, and biofilms adhere in greater numbers to stainless steel over titanium.Silver coated metals show no statistical difference over control metals when exposed to orthopaedic biofilms.

Efficacy of common hospital biocides with biofilms of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates

“…In this study, biofilm formation by HA-MRSA isolates was significantly enhanced on stainless steel. There have been a number of reports that support the enhanced binding of bacteria, including S. aureus, to stainless steel over other metals in orthopaedic implants and surfaces used in the food production industry, due to the hydrophilic nature of this material (Hyde et al, 1997;Chmielewski & Frank, 2003;Sheehan et al, 2004). Although the surface of the stainless steel was polished and appeared smooth, when the three materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the stainless steel was marked by pronounced striations (data not shown).…”

Hydrogen peroxide induced repression of icaADBC transcription and biofilm development in Staphylococcus epidermidis

“…The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led investigators to attempt to develop antibiotic-independent mechanisms to impair bacterial ability to form biofilm. 17,18 In S. epidermidis modulation of icaADBC expression, which promotes PIA-mediated biofilm, represents an attractive therapeutic target in this context.…”

Vancomycin-Modified Implant Surface Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Supports Bone-Healing in an Infected Osteotomy Model in Sheep

“…adhesion of serum proteins to the metal surface create an ideal environment for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation [6][7][8][9] . Bacteria become enclosed in a complex biofilm matrix that protects them from both the host immune response and systemic antimicrobial agents 10 .…”