Adipocyte precursor cells in obese and nonobese humans

Pettersson, Per; Van, Robin L. R.; Karlsson, Majvor; Björntorp, Per

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(85)90103-9

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Alterations in adipose tissue distribution could therefore be brought about by a site-specific difference in the regulation of these processes. Differences in replication rates of preadipocytes from different depots have been reported (13), and more recently, it has been shown that thiazolidinediones (acting as synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-7) induce differentiation of human preadipocytes from the subcutaneous depot to a greater extent than those from the omental depot (14). Furthermore, there is evidence that in malignancy, human adipocytes from the omental depot display greater rates of apoptosis than do those from the subcutaneous depot (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further mechanism whereby the level of adiposity within each depot could be controlled is by depot-specific differences between cell acquisition and cell loss. There is evidence suggesting that preadipocytes from the omental depot display greater replication rates than their subcutaneous counterparts (13) and that subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiate more readily in response to thiazolidinediones than their omental counterparts (14). We have previously reported that human preadipocytes and adipocytes undergo apoptosis in vitro in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and serum deprivation (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human preadipocytes display a depot-specific susceptibility to apoptosis

Niesler¹,

Siddle²,

Prins³

1998

Diabetes

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Adipose tissue mass is determined by both the number and volume of adipose cells. Adipose cell number reflects the balance of cell acquisition and cell loss, whereas adipose cell volume represents the balance of lipolysis and lipogenesis. It is well recognized that insulin resistance, NIDDM, and other metabolic disorders are associated more strongly with increased omental adiposity than with subcutaneous adiposity. Depotrelated differences exist in adipocyte responses to lipolytic and lipogenic stimuli, in adipocyte apoptosis, and in the potential for preadipocyte replication and differentiation. In the present study, we address the question of whether there might also be a site-specific difference in the susceptibility of human preadipocytes to apoptosis. Paired samples of human omental and subcutaneous preadipocytes from 12 individuals were cultured, and apoptosis was induced by serum deprivation or treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a for 4 h. Cells were then stained with acridine orange, and apoptotic indices were calculated as the fraction of cells showing nuclear condensation. Under both conditions, in 9 of 11 subjects, apoptotic indices were substantially greater in preadipocytes from the omental depot than in those from the subcutaneous depot, and mean apoptotic indices were more than twofold higher in omental cells (serum-free medium: P < 0.05; TNF-a: P < 0.02; paired t test). Omental preadipocytes are therefore more susceptible to two different apoptotic stimuli than subcutaneous preadipocytes, demonstrating another intrinsic site-specific difference between human adipose cells of the two depots. These results suggest that the regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans could involve depot-specific differences in rates of preadipocyte apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human preadipocytes display a depot-specific susceptibility to apoptosis

Niesler¹,

Siddle²,

Prins³

1998

Diabetes

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“…2). LPL, the activity of which was undetectable at day 0, was expressed at a significant level (7 mU/mg, i.e., 40% of the maximal activity) as early as day 4, reached a maximal level at days [8][9][10][11][12] and decreased thereafter (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium.

Hauner¹,

Entenmann²,

Wabitsch³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

596

391

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Stromal-vascular cells obtained from adult human subcutaneous adipose tissue were cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. In the presence of 0.2 nM triiodothyronine and 0.5 gM insulin, up to 25% of the cells were able to undergo terminal adipose differentiation within 18 d, as assessed by lipid accumulation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activities. Addition of cortisol resulted in a potent dose-dependent stimulation of the adipose differentiation process. Cortisol could be replaced by dexamethasone and partly by aldosterone, but not by sex steroids. The proportion of differentiated cells was dependent upon the age of the donor; when isolated from young adults, up to 70% of the stromal-vascular cells expressed the adipocyte phenotype as compared with 5-10% when the cells were isolated from the oldest subjects. An inverse relationship was observed between the age of the 27 normal-weight donors and the extent of GPDH expression after maintenance of the cells for 18 d in chemically defined medium supplemented with insulin, triiodothyronine, and cortisol (r = -0.787, P < 0.001). It is concluded that adult human adipose tissue still contains precursor cells that are able to undergo adipose differentiation in vitro. This improved culture system may offer the opportunity to characterize other adipogenic factors as well as antiadipogenic factors involved in the control of adipose tissue growth.

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“…2,8 Moreover, no difference was found in the proliferation and/ or differentiation capacity between preadipocytes from obese and nonobese adult subjects. 9,10 Nevertheless, in other studies adipocyte hyperplasia was seen during excessive weight gain in severely obese adult subjects. 8,11 Therefore, it has been hypothesized that an increase in the number of fat cells in adults does not occur until the existing fat cells reach a critical size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of BMI and age on adipose tissue cellularity and differentiation capacity in women

Harmelen¹,

Skurk²,

Röhrig³

et al. 2003

Int J Obes

228

169

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OBJECTIVE:To study the relation between body mass index (BMI) and age on the one hand and total number of human (pre-) adipocytes and preadipocyte differentiation capacity on the other hand. SUBJECTS: In total, 189 women undergoing surgical mammary reduction, age range 16-73 y, BMI range 19.7-39.7 kg/m 2 . MEASUREMENTS: Differentiation of preadipocytes in primary culture was assessed by morphological criteria, and determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase after stimulation of the cells by standardized adipogenic conditions containing isobutyl-methylxanthine, troglitazone or both compounds. The total number of stromal cells (ie preadipocytes) and fat cells per gram of adipose tissue and per body as well as mature fat cell volume were calculated from isolated stromal cells and adipocytes, respectively, and anthropometric measures. RESULTS: BMI correlated positively to age, mature fat cell size and total number of adipocytes and stromal cells per body (r varying from 0.22 to 0.54, each Po0.05). In contrast, BMI correlated negatively to the number of adipocytes and stromal cells per gram of adipose tissue and the capacity of preadipocytes to differentiate (r varying from À0.20 to À0.37, each Po0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BMI and the ratio of stromal cells to adipocytes. The sample was also divided into three groups: BMI o25 kg/m 2 (lean), BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 (overweight) and BMI Z30 kg/m 2 (obese). The overweight group showed a larger fat cell size but no increase in total fat cell or stromal cell number when compared to the lean subjects. The obese subjects showed larger stromal and fat cell numbers when compared to the lean subjects. Age did not independently correlate to the number of stromal cells or adipocytes per gram of adipose tissue or total body, nor with the capacity of preadipocytes to undergo differentiation and the ratio of stromal cells to adipocytes. CONCLUSION: There seems to be a constant ratio between the number of adipose tissue stromal cells and adipocytes independently of BMI and age in humans. During adipose tissue expansion, there seems to be both a continuous increase in fat cell size, and in stromal cell and adipocyte number, but the increase in fat cell size apparently precedes the increase in fat cell number. The differentiation capacity of the stromal cells appears to decrease with increasing BMI.

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Adipocyte precursor cells in obese and nonobese humans

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Human preadipocytes display a depot-specific susceptibility to apoptosis

Human preadipocytes display a depot-specific susceptibility to apoptosis

Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium.

Effect of BMI and age on adipose tissue cellularity and differentiation capacity in women

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