Adipocytes and adipose tissue

Kieß, Wieland; Petzold, Stephanie; Töpfer, Madlen; Garten, Antje; Blüher, Susann; Kapellen, Thomas; Körner, Antje; Kratzsch, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2007.10.002

Cited by 111 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Reviews of dietary obesity describe potential mechanisms of body weight and food intake regulation involving the central nervous system -mainly the hypothalamus -neuropeptides such as ghrelin and neuropeptide Y, and hormones such as insulin and leptin (73,74) . Adipose tissue per se is considered to be an endocrine organ that secretes cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFa; thus obesity could possibly be regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease (73 -76) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

2010

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Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate model for studying dietary obesity. The present paper describes the history of using high-fat diets to induce obesity in animals, aims to clarify the consequences of changing the amount and type of dietary fats on weight gain, body composition and adipose tissue cellularity, and explores the contribution of genetics and sex, as well as the biochemical basis and the roles of hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin in animal models of dietary obesity. The major factors that contribute to dietary obesity -hyperphagia, energy density and post-ingestive effects of the dietary fat -are discussed. Other factors that affect dietary obesity including feeding rhythmicity, social factors and stress are highlighted. Finally, we comment on the reversibility of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

2010

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“…it is assumed that a gradual accumulation of body fat after birth is mainly due to increasing fat cell size, not number. Total fat cell number also increases, but only in severe obesity (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The molecular links between breast cancer and obesity have been studied for many years (5). The condition of obesity is characterized by an increase in fat cell number, fat cell size, or a combination of the two (6). it is assumed that a gradual accumulation of body fat after birth is mainly due to increasing fat cell size, not number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leptin, mainly secreted by adipocytes, is a product of the obese (ob) gene and plays a key role during Leptin and zeranol up-regulate cyclin D1 expression in primary cultured normal human breast pre-adipocytes pregnancy and fetal development (6). one of the major functions of leptin is to regulate energy balance and appetite regulation (food intake) (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat tissue contains small and large adipocytes, as well as stromal and endothelial cells (6). Various hormones, such as insulin and sex steroids, have been associated with dynamic changes in adipose tissue and are believed to contribute to the signals that cause adipocyte differentiation (6). an increase in breast cancer risk is associated with higher body mass index levels, and is restricted to women with estrogen receptor (er)-positive tumors (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptin and zeranol up-regulate cyclin D1 expression in primary cultured normal human breast pre-adipocytes

Zhong

et al. 2010

Mol Med Rep

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Abstract. adipocytes account for more than 90% of human breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in breast cancer development. among the adipocytokines is leptin, which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in breast cancer development. leptin expression is up-regulated in both obese and breast cancer patients, and promotes breast cancer cell growth. exposure to environmental estrogens has also been found to be directly related to the development of breast cancer. Zeranol (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the uS beef industry due to its commercial benefits. Gossypol is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits breast cancer growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to humans. We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of breast cancer in obese women. a cell proliferation assay, eliSa analysis, rT-Pcr and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of leptin, Z and (-)-gossypol in primary cultured normal human breast preadipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal human breast tissues by up-regulating cyclin d1 expression, while (-)-gossypol reversed this effect. IntroductionBreast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women in the uS. according to clinical cancer statistics, it is estimated that 192,370 new cases arose and 40,170 individuals succumbed to breast cancer in 2009 (1). epidemiological studies suggest that there are many risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast cancer, including dietary fat and environmental estrogenic endocrine disruptors. exposure to environmental estrogens has been found to be directly related to the increase in breast cancer incidence. estrogen has been regarded as a positive regulator of leptin (2), which is mainly secreted by adipocytes and plays a key role in breast cancer development. Zeranol (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity, widely used in the uS beef industry for improving weight gain, feed efficiency and marbling. it has been reported that Z stimulates the proliferation of primary cultured normal human breast cells and McF-7 cells (3). We also found that 2.5% of Z-containing sera (ZS) harvested from 60-day post 72 mg Z pellets implanted beef cattle are capable of transforming the normal human breast epithelial cell line McF-10a to neoplastic breast cancer cells in a 21-day culture (unpublished data).another known risk factor for breast cancer is obesity, which has become a major public health concern in the uS. The incidence of breast cancer is increased by 30-50% in obese cancer patients as compared to cancer patients with average weight. Morbidity is also increased in obese cancer patients as compared to cancer patients with average or low weight (4). The molecular...

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