Adiponectin, leptin, nitric oxide, and C-reactive protein levels in kidney transplant recipients: comparison with the hemodialysis and chronic renal failure

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Secondary lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation enhance the risk of CVD development in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin, nitric oxide (NO), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in KTR and to compare these parameters with those of the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), hemodialysis (HD) patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay; hs-CRP was determined immunoturbidimetrically. Determination of NO was based on the Griess reaction. Results: Compared with the control group, serum NO and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the KTR, CRF, and HD groups; hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the KTR and HD groups; leptin levels were significantly higher in the KTR. In addition, serum NO level was significantly higher in the KTR compared to CRF cases. Adiponectin correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the control and patient groups. A positive correlation was observed between hs-CRP and NO in the KTR and the patients with CRF. Serum adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with hs-CRP and leptin in the HD group. Conclusion: KTR suffer from inflammation and accompanying changes in levels of adipocytokines and NO which contribute to the increased risk of CVD in these patients.

Comparing the Serum Levels of Adipocytokines in the Renal Transplant Recipients and Healthy Individuals: A Case-Control Study

“…tients that developed obesity (27). Another study showed a significant direct correlation with HDL in both the control group and patients, which could lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (28,29). The present study also noted that high levels of Adipocytokines were observed in the renal transplant group compared with the healthy group; therefore, this indicated an inflammatory status in these patients.…”

Vitamin C Depletion and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients

“…These observations are in agreement with our findings and support the influence of low-grade ongoing inflammation on patient survival after renal transplantation. On the basis of these findings and currently available literature [10,11,12,13,14,15] one might propose that inflammation plays a major role in the underlying mechanisms leading to decreased survival after renal transplantation. Finally, taking into account that we found that vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with inflammatory biomarkers, which is in agreement with previous reports [16,17,18,19], we hypothesize that the beneficial effect of adequate vitamin C status on survival of RTR is at least partly mediated by diminishing inflammatory status.…”

“…Notwithstanding that the underlying mechanisms leading to significantly lower survival of RTR compared to age-matched controls in the general population [9] are not completely understood, it is noteworthy that a long-term ongoing inflammatory status remains after renal transplantation [10,11,12]. Indeed, Abedini et al [15], reported that in a cohort of 2102 RTR, over a follow-up period of 5–6 years, hs-CRP was independently associated with all-cause mortality in RTR.…”

“…It is worth noting that after renal transplantation a long-term ongoing inflammatory status persists [10,11,12]. It was recently reported that higher inflammatory status is associated with an increased risk of mortality in RTR [13].…”

Serum Leptin Concentration In Children With Chronic Renal Failure

“…Leptinin büyük çoğunluğunun dolaşımda bağlı olmayan formda bulunması ve moleküler büyüklüğü sıradan sentetik diyaliz zarından geçemeyeceğini düşündürmektedir (23) . Bununla ilgili birçok çalışma hemodiyaliz ile leptin düzeylerinin azalmadığını göstermiştir (15,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) . Hemodiyaliz uygulanan hasta sayımız az olduğu için PD uygulananlarla leptin düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel bir karşılaştırma yapamadık.…”