Adipose Cellularity and Body Composition in Polygenic Obese Mice as Influenced by Preweaning Nutrition

Eisen, E. J.; Leatherwood, J. M.

doi:10.1093/jn/108.10.1652

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…By contrast, the HLG females showed a continuous increase in body fat during the first year of life, as was to be expected because of their higher fat content compared to the males. Also, the body weight development in HLG males was intermediate between that seen in males of the M16 and ICR strains studied by Eisen and Leatherwood (1978), while the fat content corresponded roughly to that of the heavier M16 mice. The body weight of HLG females was somewhat lower than that of the ICR males in all age groups although their fat content was 2.5-3 fold higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Sex differences in age development of a mouse inbred strain: body composition, adipocyte size and organ weights of liver, heart and muscles

et al. 1995

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SummaryThe mouse inbred strain HLG has only recently been submitted for international registration. It has been widely used in radiological studies. Since these mice tend to become obese, they may be of interest for studies concerning fat metabolism. Therefore, the present ageing study examines the sex-specific development of body weight, body composition, adipocyte size as well as the organ weight of liver, heart and thigh muscles of the inbred strain HLG (54 males/53 virgin females) between day 40 and 360 of life.The body weight development showed a distinct sexual dimorphism, quickly increasing in the case of males but comparatively protracted in females until maturity. Significantly higher values for body and fat-free dry weight as well as body water were found in males of all ages. Body fat and adipocyte diameter were only higher in the 80 and 120 day-old males. Thus, the increase in female body weight resulted largely through a rise in body fat as additionally evidenced by the sex-specific correlation of characteristics. A 2-fold analysis of variance showed sex differences in the relative weights of liver and muscle, but not of the heart. A sex-specific close correlation was observed between body and liver weights in males until day 180. Correlations between body fat and other characteristics were only rarely found. Differences in coefficients of variation largely depended on the characteristics. A higher variability was also found for some characteristics in the youngest groups (40 days). A sex-specific difference was only seen in the case of body fat content for 60 day-old mice (female>male).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Sex differences in age development of a mouse inbred strain: body composition, adipocyte size and organ weights of liver, heart and muscles

et al. 1995

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“…M16 mice are selected for increased growth and body mass at 3-6 weeks of age. During this developmental period, M16 mice display significant hyperphagia, which contributes to the obesity phenotype (Allan et al, 2004; Eisen and Leatherwood, 1978a; Eisen and Leatherwood, 1978b). Thus, decreased DA turnover in M16 mice may be evidence for hyperphagia-induced neuroadaptation within central reward pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic dysregulation in mice selectively bred for excessive exercise or obesity

Mathes

Nehrenberg

Gordon

et al. 2010

Behavioural Brain Research

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Dysregulation of the dopamine system is linked to various aberrant behaviors, including addiction, compulsive exercise, and hyperphagia leading to obesity. The goal of the present experiments was to determine how dopamine contributes to the expression of opposing phenotypes, excessive exercise and obesity. We hypothesized that similar alterations in dopamine and dopamine-related gene expression may underly obesity and excessive exercise, as competing traits for central reward pathways. Moreover, we hypothesized that selective breeding for high levels of exercise or obesity may have influenced genetic variation controlling these pathways, manifesting as opposing complex traits. Dopamine, dopamine-related peptide concentrations, and gene expression were evaluated in dorsal striatum (DS) and nucleus accumbens (NA) of mice from lines selectively bred for high rates of wheel running (HR) or obesity (M16), and the non-selected ICR strain from which these lines were derived. HPLC analysis showed significantly greater neurotransmitter concentrations in DS and NA of HR mice compared to M16 and ICR. Microarray analysis showed significant gene expression differences between HR and M16 compared to ICR in both brain areas, with changes revealed throughout the dopamine pathway including D1 and D2 receptors, associated G-proteins (eg. Golf), and adenylate cyclase (eg. Adcy5). The results suggest similar modifications within the dopamine system may contribute to the expression of opposite phenotypes in mice, demonstrating that alterations within central reward pathways can contribute to both obesity and excessive exercise.

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“…To ensure that mice had attained Ն95% of their mature body mass, dietary treatment began when they reached 9 wk of age (18). The experiment was conducted with a total of 185 male mice and was split into two replicates (Fig.…”

Section: Mouse Selection and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To more closely parallel the major human obesity condition, we utilized the M16 polygenic obese line of mice (18,50). The M16 line was selected over 27 generations for rapid postweaning gain from an outbred ICR albino population and exhibits positive correlated responses in body weight and percent body fat and is hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic (19,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional genomic characterization of delipidation elicited bytrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in a polygenic obese line of mice

House

Cassady

Eisen

et al. 2005

Physiological Genomics

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Functional genomic characterization of delipidation elicited by trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in a polygenic obese line of mice. Physiol Genomics 21: 351-361, 2005; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00244.2004.-Gene expression was measured during t10c12-CLA-induced body fat reduction in a polygenic obese line of mice. Adult mice (n ϭ 185) were allotted to a 2 ϫ 2 factorial experiment consisting of either nonobese (ICR-control) or obese (M16-selected) mice fed a 7% fat, purified diet containing either 1% linoleic acid (LA) or 1% t10c12-CLA. Body weight (BW) by day 14 was 12% lower in CLA-compared with LA-fed mice (P Ͻ 0.0001). By day 14, t10c12-CLA reduced weights of epididymal, mesenteric, and brown adipose tissues, as a percentage of BW, in both lines by 30, 27, and 58%, respectively, and increased liver weight/BW by 34% (P Ͻ 0.0001). Total RNA was isolated and pooled (4 pools per tissue per day) from epididymal adipose (days 5 and 14) of the obese mice to analyze gene expression profiles using Agilent mouse oligo microarray slides representing Ͼ20,000 genes. Numbers of genes differentially expressed by greater than or equal to twofold in epididymal adipose (days 5 and 14) were 29 and 125, respectively. It was concluded that, in adipose tissue, CLA increased expression of uncoupling proteins (1 and 2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase system, tumor necrosis factor-␣ (P Ͻ 0.05), and caspase-3 but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␥, glucose transporter-4, perilipin, caveolin-1, adiponectin, resistin, and Bcl-2 (P Ͻ 0.01). In conclusion, this experiment has revealed candidate genes that will be useful in elucidating mechanisms of adipose delipidation. apoptosis; cell biology; gene expression; lipid metabolism; obesity OVER THE PAST 20 YR, the incidence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions. According to the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, ϳ64% of United States adults Ն20 yr old are overweight or obese (http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/obese/obse99. htm) (28). In 2003, Sturm (53) reported that extreme obesity [body mass index (BMI) Ն40] quadrupled between 1986 and 2000 from 1 in 200 adults to 1 in 50. Additionally, within the same time period, there was an increase by a factor of five of Americans with a BMI Ն50, from 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 400 (53). Internationally, the World Health Organization reported that from 1995 to 2000, the number of obese adults worldwide increased from 200 million to over 300 million adults (http://www.who.int/nut/obs.htm). In 2003, $75 billion (US dollars) was spent on medical treatment ascribed to obesity, one-half of which was paid for by Medicare and Medicaid (23).The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity has attracted much attention to the delipidative effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Found naturally in ruminant products (such as beef and cheese), the CLA family consists of several conjugated and stereoisomeric variations of linoleic acid (cis, cis-⌬ 9,12 -octadecad...

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Adipose Cellularity and Body Composition in Polygenic Obese Mice as Influenced by Preweaning Nutrition

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Sex differences in age development of a mouse inbred strain: body composition, adipocyte size and organ weights of liver, heart and muscles

Sex differences in age development of a mouse inbred strain: body composition, adipocyte size and organ weights of liver, heart and muscles

Dopaminergic dysregulation in mice selectively bred for excessive exercise or obesity

Functional genomic characterization of delipidation elicited bytrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in a polygenic obese line of mice

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