Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration: A Review

Abstract

In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue. These stem cells, now known as adipose-derived stem cells or ADSCs, have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. As of today, thousands of research and clinical articles have been published using ASCs, describing their possible pluripotency in vitro, their uses in regenerative animal models, and their application to the clinic. This paper outlines the progress made in the ASC field since their initial description in 2001, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo, their use in mediating inflammation and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and their potential for reprogramming into induced pluripotent cells.

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

“…In our original article, we proposed the removal of these RBCs through resuspension of the pellet in a hypotonic solution of 160 mM NH 4 Cl. The majority of subsequent isolation articles contain this step and recommend the use of NH 4 Cl-based solutions or sterile water 22-24, 27, 33 , although care must be taken if using sterile water, to minimize the time the SVF cells are exposed to the hypotonic solution 27 .…”

“…Numerous studies have investigated the translational applications of ASCs through animal models and clinical studies using the ASC have begun to appear (for review see 4 ). However, their utility is limited by the need to remove the lipoaspirate from the OR in order to obtain the ASC.…”

“…However, our research group demonstrated that these cells possessed mesodermal multipotency and renamed the adherent SVF population as PLA cells. Subsequent studies by numerous other research groups have added to this potential, suggesting both endodermal and ectodermal potentials (for review see 4 ). Since that time, numerous additional terms for these cells have appeared in the literature.…”

3D bioprinting for tissue engineering: Stem cells in hydrogels

“…A possible alternative source which could be used is adipose derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Adipose tissue is abundant and many researchers have used ADMSCs successfully towards tissue engineering [94,103,104] .…”

Low power laser irradiation and human adipose-derived stem cell treatments promote bone regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects in rats

“…Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are stromal cell populations isolated from adipose tissues that are morphologically and phenotypically similar to the MSCs [5]. ADSCs exhibit a high potential ability for differentiation into multilineage cells, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes and adipocytes [6][7][8].…”