Adjunct yoga therapy: Influence on heart rate variability in major depressive disorder - A randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the 34 RCTs included, 11 ( 27 – 30 , 32 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 53 ) were from India, 13 ( 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 – 42 , 46 , 50 , 54 , 55 ) were from the United States, two ( 37 , 38 ) were from Germany, two ( 19 , 34 ) were from the United Kingdom, one ( 51 ) was from Canada, and five ( 45 , 56 – 59 ) were from China. One study ( 29 ) included only male participants, nine studies ( 31 , 33 – 36 , 38 , 55 , 57 , 59 ) included only female participants, three studies ( 31 , 33 , 34 ) had only women with prenatal depression, and one study ( 59 ) included postpartum depression.…”

“…One study ( 29 ) included only male participants, nine studies ( 31 , 33 – 36 , 38 , 55 , 57 , 59 ) included only female participants, three studies ( 31 , 33 , 34 ) had only women with prenatal depression, and one study ( 59 ) included postpartum depression. Eleven RCTs ( 19 , 27 , 28 , 37 , 40 , 42 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 55 ) included patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD, six RCTs ( 41 , 48 , 52 ) included patients with a score greater than or equal to 24 on the Hamilton Depression Inventory for patients with MDD, two RCTs ( 33 , 44 ) included patients with DSM-V diagnosis of MDD, and two RCTs ( 35 , 36 ) included patients with the MINI diagnosis of MDD. Of the four studies from China, two ( 56 , 57 ) met the CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria for depression, one ( 58 ) used the CCMD-10 diagnostic criteria, and the others ( 59 ) included the EPDS diagnostic criteria for depression.…”

“…Among all randomized controlled trials included, four ( 19 , 41 , 46 , 55 ) used Iyengar yoga, seven ( 35 – 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 50 ) used Hatha yoga, eight ( 30 , 38 , 44 , 51 , 56 – 59 ) used self-designed yoga based on breathing, meditation, and mindfulness, four ( 27 , 29 , 40 , 52 ) used Sudarshan Kriya yoga, three ( 31 , 33 , 34 ) used yoga specially designed for the middle and late pregnancy, one ( 28 ) used SAHAJ yoga, one ( 48 ) used Ashtanga yoga, one ( 45 ) used Laugher yoga, one ( 32 ) used Yoga Nidra, and four ( 47 , 49 , 53 , 54 ) studies did not mention yoga methods. Seven studies ( 28 , 32 , 37 , 44 , 52 , 56 , 58 ) added yoga as an adjunct to regular treatment, nine studies ( 28 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 52 , 56 – 58 ) had a duration of 8 weeks, 14 studies ( 19 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 38 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 – 49 , 53 , 55 ) had a more extended study duration of 12 weeks, and one study ( 41 ) had a maximum period of 28 months. The mean study d...…”

“…Of the 34 included RCTs, 22 studies mentioned randomization ( 19 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 – 47 , 49 – 51 , 54 – 59 ), 13 studies reported allocation concealment ( 19 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 55 – 59 ), 18 studies mentioned blinding (three single-blind ( 32 , 41 , 51 ), four studies mentioned double-blind ( 39 , 42 , 50 , 54 ), 11 studies mentioned unblind ( 27 , 38 , 40 , 43 – 47 , 52 , 55 )), and the remaining six studies did not mention blinding; all 35 studies clearly had no other sources of bias and selective reporting of risk ( Supplementary Table 3 ).…”

The Impact of One-Time Relaxation Training on Attention Efficiency Measured by Continuous Performance Test in Depressive Disorders

“…Mindfulness can be developed through meditation or relaxation techniques [ 24 ]. Because of their properties, relaxation techniques are used in the treatment of numerous mental [ 31 ] and somatic disorders [ 32 ]. The effectiveness of such programs is well documented in terms of regulating emotional responses in depression (relapse prevention), anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, addictions, and eating disorders [ 33 ].…”