Adjustment with a human face: A UNICEF record and perspective on the 1980s

Effects of economic shocks on children's employment and schooling in Brazil

“…Researchers have studied the impact of these shocks on a wide variety of outcomes at the household level, including poverty, employment, health, fertility, and schooling (e.g., Fallon and Lucas (2002), Frankenberg et al (2003) and Tapinos et al (1997). Concern about the impact of economic shocks on children has been an important focus in this literature, stimulated in part by the concerns voiced by organizations such as UNICEF about the impact of structural adjustment programs on children (Jolly, 1991). Fallon and Lucas (2002) summarize the evidence of the impact of economic crises on households, with particular attention to the 1990s financial crises in southeast Asia and Mexico.…”

IMF Lending and Poverty in Developing Countries

“…IMF invariably obtains positive and statistically significant estimated coefficient values for all of the poverty variables. The fact that the coefficient values for the headcount and gap variables tend to be slightly higher at the $1.25 than the $2 level (columns 2 and 1 of Table 1 for the 'headcount variables, and columns 4 and 3 for the 'gap' variables) tempts us to deduce a disproportionately negative effect of IMF lending for the poorest segments of the population, reminding us of the argument of a kind of 'multiplicative' effect the IMF-led policies exert especially on the poorest ones found in Grant (1984) or Jolly (1991). The national poverty line variables-both on a 'headcount' and a 'gap' basis-confirm the fact that the IMF lending further deteriorates the existing levels of poverty at a national level (columns 5 and 6 of Table 1).…”

Political-economic Transitions and the Changing Context of Maternal Health Access in Tanzania: Evidence from DHS Data

“…As a result of these debates, "SAP with a human face" programs were implemented to alleviate the negative consequences of the previous policies on social welfare (Jolly 1991). Under these new initiatives, adjustment program started to take into consideration countries' level of indebtedness and poverty.…”