Admixture Enhanced Controlled Low-Strength Material for Direct Underwater Injection With Minimal Cross-Contamination

Abstract

Commercially available admixtures have been developed for placing traditional concrete products under water. This paper evaluates adapting anti-washout admixture (AWA) and high range water reducing admixture (HRWFL4) products to enhance controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) for underwater placement. A simple experimental scale model (based on dynamic and geometric similitude) of typical grout pump emplacement equipment has been developed to determine the percentage of cementing material washed out. The objective of this study was to identify proportions of admixtures and underwater CLSM emplacement procedures which would minimize the cross-contamination of the displaced water while maintaining the advantages of C U M . Since the displaced water from radioactively contaminated systems must be subsequently treated prior to release to the environment, the amount of cross-contamination is important for cases in which cementing material could form hard sludges in a water treatment facility and contaminate the in-place CLSM stabilization medium.

Analysis and design of fill materials used in grade control structures

“…Utilizing wash out resistant CLSM can enhance CLSM for underwater placement (Hepworth et al, 1998). The wash out resistant CLSM can be used as a stabilizing agent for the remediation tanks of contaminated materials.…”

“…The wash out resistant CLSM can be used as a stabilizing agent for the remediation tanks of contaminated materials. Hepworth, et al (1998) concluded that admixture-enhanced CLSM helps minimize the washout contamination of tank fluid and cross-contamination of the CLSM.…”